Important aspects of evaluation include: occipital condyle integrity. Pathology. Radiographic features. Pathology. Skeletal traction may not be required if the fracture pattern is stable and the fracture is outside the weight bearing zone. Fracture of the coronoid process is thought to result from elbow hyperextension with either avulsion of the brachialis tendon insertion or shearing off by the trochlea 1.. They are particularly common in patients with osteoporosis, and as such, they are most frequently seen in elderly women.The relationship between Colles fractures and osteoporosis is strong enough that when an older male patient Pathology. The Lisfranc ligament attaches the medial cuneiform to the 2 nd metatarsal base via three bands, the dorsal ligament, interosseous ligament and the Classification. In reality, the majority of fractures that involve the physis have at least a small fragment of metaphysis associated with them and are therefore type II injuries. Epidemiology These fractures have an incidence 0.4% to 2.7%, and males are affected more-so than females. usually mid-diaphyseal; occur in tandem with angulation; incomplete fracture, with cortical breach of only one side of the bone Case Discussion. Segond fracture is an avulsion fracture of the knee that involves the lateral aspect of the tibial plateau and is very frequently (~75% of cases) associated with disruption of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Plain radiograph. Bowing fractures usually accompany another fracture and in those cases, treatment is determined according to the type and severity of the accompanying injury. Management depends not only on the type of fracture but also importantly on the functional status and living situation of the patient. Mandibular fractures are relatively common especially among young men. It is for this reason that the 5 th metatarsal base must be included in the lateral ankle projection of an ankle series, especially when performed for an In isolation, treatment of bowing fractures is debated 2. These include: stress fracture of the 5 th metatarsal; Jones fracture; avulsion fracture of the proximal 5 th metatarsal; os vesalianum pedis; os peroneum; normal apophysis of the proximal 5 th metatarsal ; The biomechanics of the fractures differ as do their natural They should not be confused with fatigue fractures which are due to abnormal stresses on normal bone, or with pathological fractures, the result of diseased, weakened bone due to focal pathology such as A Shepherd fracture refers to a fracture of the lateral tubercle of the posterior process. The proximal 5 th metatarsal is the site of a number of fractures and variants which mimic fractures. There is no associated bone fragment. type I: avulsion of anterior glenoid margin; type II: transverse or oblique fracture through glenoid fossa exiting inferiorly; type III: oblique fracture through glenoid fossa exiting superiorly and associated with acromioclavicular joint injury; type IV: transverse fracture exiting through the medial scapular border Vertebra plana (plural: vertebrae planae), also known as the pancake, silver dollar or coin-on-edge vertebra, is the term given when a vertebral body has lost almost its entire height anteriorly and posteriorly, representing a very advanced compression fracture. Fractures are best visualized on coronal and sagittal reformatted images. The Bado classification is used to subdivide the fracture-dislocation into four types which all have different treatment options and prognoses and is based on the principle that the direction in which the apex of the ulnar fracture points is the same Coronoid process fractures have been classified into three types within the Regan and Morrey classification system 1:. Dorsal avulsion fractures account for about 95% all triquetral fractures, most of the remainder are body fractures 4. degree of displacement; location of the displaced fragment; presence of a fracture of the adjacent humeral metaphysis In addition to stating that a medial epicondylar fracture is present, a number of features should be sought and commented upon: avulsion. Looser zones are also a type of insufficiency fracture. Classification. Sometimes the fractures may not seem very apparent on x Colles fracture or other carpal bone fractures) evidence of avascular necrosis if the fracture is subacute; Importantly if no fracture is seen it is essential to recommend repeat x-rays (including dedicated scaphoid views) in 7-10 days 1. Bowing fractures usually accompany another fracture and in those cases, treatment is determined according to the type and severity of the accompanying injury. The mechanism of injury is variable, and can occur both during flexion or extension, and with or without compression 5. Epidemiology. Practical points. Tibial tuberosity avulsion fractures are uncommon. The fracture is easy to recognize on plain film. These type of fractures are more common in children, especially aged 5-10 years, due to the elasticity of their bones. Terminology. Spondylolysis is present in ~5% of the population 2 and higher in the adolescent athletic population. The proximal 5 th metatarsal is the site of a number of fractures and variants which mimic fractures. Fractures in these regions can be classified as: intertrochanteric fracture; pertrochanteric: intertrochanteric, involving both trochanters; subtrochanteric fracture; greater trochanteric avulsion fracture Radiographic features. cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR): rib fracture occurs in 1 in 3 5; fetal rib fractures: caused by skeletal dysplasias; radiation-induced rib fractures 8,9; spontaneous: spontaneous rib fracture; Radiographic features Plain radiograph. Rarely, a torus fracture may refer to the fracture of an oral torus, and there is potential for the two terms to be confused 10. The Frykman classification of distal radial fractures is based on the AP appearance and encompasses the eponymous entities of Colles fracture, Smith fracture, Barton fracture, chauffeur fracture.. degree of displacement; location of the displaced fragment; presence of a fracture of the adjacent humeral metaphysis Typically, Monteggia fracture-dislocations occur as the result of a fall onto an outstretched hand (FOOSH) 4.. A trochanteric fracture is a fracture involving the greater and/or lesser trochanters of the femur.. This typically involves separation of the tibial attachment of the ACL to variable degrees. The Bado classification is used to subdivide the fracture-dislocation into four types which all have different treatment options and prognoses and is based on the principle that the direction in which the apex of the ulnar fracture points is the same The Lisfranc ligament attaches the medial cuneiform to the 2 nd metatarsal base via three bands, the dorsal ligament, interosseous ligament and the Typically, Monteggia fracture-dislocations occur as the result of a fall onto an outstretched hand (FOOSH) 4.. Treatment and prognosis. Pathology Mechanism. Vertebra plana (plural: vertebrae planae), also known as the pancake, silver dollar or coin-on-edge vertebra, is the term given when a vertebral body has lost almost its entire height anteriorly and posteriorly, representing a very advanced compression fracture. Pathology. Dorsal avulsion fracture. type 1: avulsion of the tip of the coronoid process Mechanism. The imaging modality of choice, permitting identification of; type 1: avulsion of the tip of the coronoid process orbital blow-out fracture; frontal process of the maxilla; Nasal septal hematoma should also be actively assessed. There is no associated bone fragment. associated fractures (e.g. A Shepherd fracture refers to a fracture of the lateral tubercle of the posterior process. Classification. Classification. Salter-Harris type I fractures describe a fracture that is completely contained within the physis. Practical points. cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR): rib fracture occurs in 1 in 3 5; fetal rib fractures: caused by skeletal dysplasias; radiation-induced rib fractures 8,9; spontaneous: spontaneous rib fracture; Radiographic features Plain radiograph. Bowing fractures usually accompany another fracture and in those cases, treatment is determined according to the type and severity of the accompanying injury. It is interesting to note that the word chauffeur comes from the French for "someone who warms" the car engine. Important aspects of evaluation include: occipital condyle integrity. The mechanism of injury is variable, and can occur both during flexion or extension, and with or without compression 5. In addition to reporting the presence of the fracture a number of features should be sought and in many instances commented upon as relevant negatives: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) avulsion fracture or tibial eminence avulsion fracture is a type of avulsion fracture of the knee. Radiographic features. Associations ~65% of patients with spondylolysis will progress to spondylolisthesis 2, which is seen radiographically in ~25% 4; in most patients this occurs before the age of 16; spina bifida occulta CT. The imaging modality of choice, permitting identification of; It should be noted that cartilaginous injuries cannot be detected radiologically and that imaging of simple nasal bone fractures often adds little to patient management. There is no associated bone fragment. Classification. It assesses the pattern of fractures, involvement of the radioulnar joint and presence of a distal ulnar fracture.. orbital blow-out fracture; frontal process of the maxilla; Nasal septal hematoma should also be actively assessed. Jefferson fracture is the eponymous name given to a burst fracture of the atlas. usually mid-diaphyseal; occur in tandem with angulation; incomplete fracture, with cortical breach of only one side of the bone Pathology. Traditionally this avulsion fracture has been ascribed to the insertion of peroneus brevis and is caused by forcible inversion of the foot in plantar flexion, as may occur while stepping on a curb or climbing steps. Coronoid process fractures have been classified into three types within the Regan and Morrey classification system 1:. Pathology. Although it appears complicated, it is Colles fractures are the most common type of distal radial fracture and are seen in all adult age groups and demographics. Colles fracture or other carpal bone fractures) evidence of avascular necrosis if the fracture is subacute; Importantly if no fracture is seen it is essential to recommend repeat x-rays (including dedicated scaphoid views) in 7-10 days 1. Classification. Usually, this kind of fracture occurs as the result of a fall on an outstretched arm and is often associated with a distal radius fracture. intra-articular glenoid fracture. fracture through the adjacent humeral metaphysis; Radiology report. This case illustrates the difference in the appearance of an avulsion fracture and an apophysis at the base of the 5th metatarsal, as both are present simultaneously in this 10 year old patient. Dorsal avulsion fractures account for about 95% all triquetral fractures, most of the remainder are body fractures 4. This fracture is very different, and much less common, than the torus fracture that results in buckling of the cortex on the concave side of the bend and an intact convex surface. Insufficiency fractures are a type of stress fracture, which are the result of normal stresses on abnormal bone. Fusion of the apophysis to the metatarsal base usually occurs within the following 2-4 years 3,4. Skeletal traction may not be required if the fracture pattern is stable and the fracture is outside the weight bearing zone. On the frontal knee radiograph, it may CT. This fracture is very different, and much less common, than the torus fracture that results in buckling of the cortex on the concave side of the bend and an intact convex surface. These include: stress fracture of the 5 th metatarsal; Jones fracture; avulsion fracture of the proximal 5 th metatarsal; os vesalianum pedis; os peroneum; normal apophysis of the proximal 5 th metatarsal ; The biomechanics of the fractures differ as do their natural Some advocate the reduction of a bowing fracture where angulation exceeds 20 degrees. The Frykman classification of distal radial fractures is based on the AP appearance and encompasses the eponymous entities of Colles fracture, Smith fracture, Barton fracture, chauffeur fracture.. The Salter-Harris classification was proposed by Salter and Harris in 1963 1 and at the time of writing (June 2016) remains the most widely used system for describing physeal fractures.. Classification. Treatment and prognosis. The Salter-Harris classification was proposed by Salter and Harris in 1963 1 and at the time of writing (June 2016) remains the most widely used system for describing physeal fractures.. Rarely, a torus fracture may refer to the fracture of an oral torus, and there is potential for the two terms to be confused 10. comminuted fracture: suggests impaction. CT is the best modality for identifying an occipital condyle fracture 6. associated fractures (e.g. Fusion of the apophysis to the metatarsal base usually occurs within the following 2-4 years 3,4. Barton fractures are fractures of the distal radius.It is also sometimes termed the dorsal type Barton fracture to distinguish it from the volar type or reverse Barton fracture.. Barton fractures extend through the dorsal aspect to the articular surface but not to the volar aspect. The fracture complex results from a direct blow to the malar eminence and results in three distinct fracture components that disrupt the anchoring of the zygoma. Classification. It is also known as backfire fracture or lorry driver fracture 1. Fracture of the coronoid process is thought to result from elbow hyperextension with either avulsion of the brachialis tendon insertion or shearing off by the trochlea 1.. It was originally described as a four-part fracture with double fractures through the anterior and posterior arches, but three-part and two-part fractures have also been described. It is for this reason that the 5 th metatarsal base must be included in the lateral ankle projection of an ankle series, especially when performed for an fracture through the physis Segond fracture is an avulsion fracture of the knee that involves the lateral aspect of the tibial plateau and is very frequently (~75% of cases) associated with disruption of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). fracture through the physis The fracture is easy to recognize on plain film. Dorsal avulsion fracture. The Lisfranc joint articulates the tarsus with the metatarsal bases, whereby the first three metatarsals articulate respectively with the three cuneiforms, and the 4 th and 5 th metatarsals with the cuboid.. type I: avulsion of anterior glenoid margin; type II: transverse or oblique fracture through glenoid fossa exiting inferiorly; type III: oblique fracture through glenoid fossa exiting superiorly and associated with acromioclavicular joint injury; type IV: transverse fracture exiting through the medial scapular border Case Discussion. Anderson and D'Alonzo Conveniently the Salter-Harris types can be remembered by the mnemonic SALTR.. type I. slipped; 5-7%; fracture plane passes all the way through the growth Skeletal traction may not be required if the fracture pattern is stable and the fracture is outside the weight bearing zone. Insufficiency fractures are a type of stress fracture, which are the result of normal stresses on abnormal bone. It is also known as backfire fracture or lorry driver fracture 1. In reality, the majority of fractures that involve the physis have at least a small fragment of metaphysis associated with them and are therefore type II injuries. Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) avulsion fractures are a type of avulsion fracture of the knee that represent the most common isolated PCL lesion. Classification. The Bado classification is used to subdivide the fracture-dislocation into four types which all have different treatment options and prognoses and is based on the principle that the direction in which the apex of the ulnar fracture points is the same The fracture is easy to recognize on plain film. Insufficiency fractures are a type of stress fracture, which are the result of normal stresses on abnormal bone. Spondylolysis is present in ~5% of the population 2 and higher in the adolescent athletic population. Classification. In addition to reporting the presence of the fracture a number of features should be sought and in many instances commented upon as relevant negatives: In isolation, treatment of bowing fractures is debated 2. These type of fractures are more common in children, especially aged 5-10 years, due to the elasticity of their bones. Barton fractures are fractures of the distal radius.It is also sometimes termed the dorsal type Barton fracture to distinguish it from the volar type or reverse Barton fracture.. Barton fractures extend through the dorsal aspect to the articular surface but not to the volar aspect. type I: avulsion of anterior glenoid margin; type II: transverse or oblique fracture through glenoid fossa exiting inferiorly; type III: oblique fracture through glenoid fossa exiting superiorly and associated with acromioclavicular joint injury; type IV: transverse fracture exiting through the medial scapular border Fractures are best visualized on coronal and sagittal reformatted images. Epidemiology These fractures have an incidence 0.4% to 2.7%, and males are affected more-so than females. Although it appears complicated, it is CT is the best modality for identifying an occipital condyle fracture 6. Colles fracture or other carpal bone fractures) evidence of avascular necrosis if the fracture is subacute; Importantly if no fracture is seen it is essential to recommend repeat x-rays (including dedicated scaphoid views) in 7-10 days 1. These include: stress fracture of the 5 th metatarsal; Jones fracture; avulsion fracture of the proximal 5 th metatarsal; os vesalianum pedis; os peroneum; normal apophysis of the proximal 5 th metatarsal ; The biomechanics of the fractures differ as do their natural Radiographic features. Conveniently the Salter-Harris types can be remembered by the mnemonic SALTR.. type I. slipped; 5-7%; fracture plane passes all the way through the growth This case illustrates the difference in the appearance of an avulsion fracture and an apophysis at the base of the 5th metatarsal, as both are present simultaneously in this 10 year old patient. The imaging modality of choice, permitting identification of; Pathology Mechanism. Usually, this kind of fracture occurs as the result of a fall on an outstretched arm and is often associated with a distal radius fracture. fracture through the adjacent humeral metaphysis; Radiology report. Salter-Harris type I fractures describe a fracture that is completely contained within the physis. It is for this reason that the 5 th metatarsal base must be included in the lateral ankle projection of an ankle series, especially when performed for an Classification. Colles fractures are the most common type of distal radial fracture and are seen in all adult age groups and demographics. Radiographic features Plain radiograph. Odontoid process fracture, also known as a peg or dens fracture, occurs where there is a fracture through the odontoid process of C2. Dorsal avulsion fractures account for about 95% all triquetral fractures, most of the remainder are body fractures 4. comminuted fracture: suggests impaction. Epidemiology. Pathology. There are two classification systems 5,6. These type of fractures are more common in children, especially aged 5-10 years, due to the elasticity of their bones. Plain radiograph. The mechanism of injury is variable, and can occur both during flexion or extension, and with or without compression 5. An elongated lateral tubercle of the posterior process of the talus is referred to as a Stieda process, so occasionally these fractures are described as Stieda process fractures.. A Cedell fracture is a fracture of the medial tubercle of the posterior process. It should be noted that cartilaginous injuries cannot be detected radiologically and that imaging of simple nasal bone fractures often adds little to patient management. The proximal 5 th metatarsal is the site of a number of fractures and variants which mimic fractures. The fracture complex results from a direct blow to the malar eminence and results in three distinct fracture components that disrupt the anchoring of the zygoma. Associations ~65% of patients with spondylolysis will progress to spondylolisthesis 2, which is seen radiographically in ~25% 4; in most patients this occurs before the age of 16; spina bifida occulta Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) avulsion fractures are a type of avulsion fracture of the knee that represent the most common isolated PCL lesion. It is also known as backfire fracture or lorry driver fracture 1. Classification. Tibial tuberosity avulsion fractures are uncommon. It is more common in men than in women 1.. In addition to stating that a medial epicondylar fracture is present, a number of features should be sought and commented upon: avulsion. Due to the aforementioned characteristics, the fracture typically resembles: Salter-Harris 3 fracture on AP Salter-Harris 2 fracture on lateral Small dislocations and the vertical fracture itself are frequently overlooked, and CT is advised if there is concern. This typically involves separation of the tibial attachment of the ACL to variable degrees. In addition to reporting the presence of the fracture a number of features should be sought and in many instances commented upon as relevant negatives: Odontoid process fracture, also known as a peg or dens fracture, occurs where there is a fracture through the odontoid process of C2. scapular fracture; clavicle fracture; distal radial fracture (especially Colles fracture) Treatment and prognosis. Radiographic features. fracture through the physis Galeazzi fracture-dislocations are unstable requiring surgical intervention, which involves open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of the radial fracture, intraoperative assessment of the distal radioulnar joint for reducibility and stability, and subsequent Kirschner wire fixation of the ulna to the radius, triangular fibrocartilage complex Mechanism. It can occur in a variety of settings, including: trauma; osteoporosis Traction (either skin or skeletal traction) is usually a temporary solution when surgery is required. Classification. Looser zones are also a type of insufficiency fracture. It is interesting to note that the word chauffeur comes from the French for "someone who warms" the car engine. Practical points. The apophysis of the proximal 5 th metatarsal (plural apophyses) lies laterally and is oriented longitudinally parallel to the shaft.. Apophysis of the fifth metatarsal base appears on plain radiographs at age 12 years for boys and 10 years for girls. For example, someone who lives alone may not be able to do so without the use of one arm. Pathology Mechanism. There are two classification systems 5,6. Although traditionally the mandible and base of skull are thought to form a complete bony ring, interrupted only by the TMJs.This should mean that the mandible should fracture in two places (akin to the bony pelvis) making single fractures uncommon, but this in fact not the case, with ~40% of Coronoid process fractures have been classified into three types within the Regan and Morrey classification system 1:. Terminology. It is interesting to note that the word chauffeur comes from the French for "someone who warms" the car engine. usually mid-diaphyseal; occur in tandem with angulation; incomplete fracture, with cortical breach of only one side of the bone The fracture complex results from a direct blow to the malar eminence and results in three distinct fracture components that disrupt the anchoring of the zygoma. Pathology Anatomy. It is more common in men than in women 1.. Fractures in these regions can be classified as: intertrochanteric fracture; pertrochanteric: intertrochanteric, involving both trochanters; subtrochanteric fracture; greater trochanteric avulsion fracture It is more common in men than in women 1.. Some advocate the reduction of a bowing fracture where angulation exceeds 20 degrees. degree of displacement; location of the displaced fragment; presence of a fracture of the adjacent humeral metaphysis Epidemiology. The Salter-Harris classification was proposed by Salter and Harris in 1963 1 and at the time of writing (June 2016) remains the most widely used system for describing physeal fractures.. Sometimes the fractures may not seem very apparent on x associated fractures (e.g. Classification. orbital blow-out fracture; frontal process of the maxilla; Nasal septal hematoma should also be actively assessed. Management depends not only on the type of fracture but also importantly on the functional status and living situation of the patient. Plain radiograph. A trochanteric fracture is a fracture involving the greater and/or lesser trochanters of the femur.. Epidemiology. Galeazzi fracture-dislocations are unstable requiring surgical intervention, which involves open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of the radial fracture, intraoperative assessment of the distal radioulnar joint for reducibility and stability, and subsequent Kirschner wire fixation of the ulna to the radius, triangular fibrocartilage complex Fracture of the coronoid process is thought to result from elbow hyperextension with either avulsion of the brachialis tendon insertion or shearing off by the trochlea 1.. Conveniently the Salter-Harris types can be remembered by the mnemonic SALTR.. type I. slipped; 5-7%; fracture plane passes all the way through the growth intra-articular glenoid fracture. Galeazzi fracture-dislocations are unstable requiring surgical intervention, which involves open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of the radial fracture, intraoperative assessment of the distal radioulnar joint for reducibility and stability, and subsequent Kirschner wire fixation of the ulna to the radius, triangular fibrocartilage complex Rarely, a torus fracture may refer to the fracture of an oral torus, and there is potential for the two terms to be confused 10. Classification. It was originally described as a four-part fracture with double fractures through the anterior and posterior arches, but three-part and two-part fractures have also been described. may miss up to 50% of rib fractures even with dedicated oblique rib projections 1; Ultrasound Traditionally this avulsion fracture has been ascribed to the insertion of peroneus brevis and is caused by forcible inversion of the foot in plantar flexion, as may occur while stepping on a curb or climbing steps. It was originally described as a four-part fracture with double fractures through the anterior and posterior arches, but three-part and two-part fractures have also been described. Epidemiology These fractures have an incidence 0.4% to 2.7%, and males are affected more-so than females. Classification. comminuted fracture: suggests impaction. Pathology. Although traditionally the mandible and base of skull are thought to form a complete bony ring, interrupted only by the TMJs.This should mean that the mandible should fracture in two places (akin to the bony pelvis) making single fractures uncommon, but this in fact not the case, with ~40% of Looser zones are also a type of insufficiency fracture. Terminology. The apophysis of the proximal 5 th metatarsal (plural apophyses) lies laterally and is oriented longitudinally parallel to the shaft.. Apophysis of the fifth metatarsal base appears on plain radiographs at age 12 years for boys and 10 years for girls. Barton fractures are fractures of the distal radius.It is also sometimes termed the dorsal type Barton fracture to distinguish it from the volar type or reverse Barton fracture.. Barton fractures extend through the dorsal aspect to the articular surface but not to the volar aspect. Radiographic features. Sometimes the fractures may not seem very apparent on x Due to the aforementioned characteristics, the fracture typically resembles: Salter-Harris 3 fracture on AP Salter-Harris 2 fracture on lateral Small dislocations and the vertical fracture itself are frequently overlooked, and CT is advised if there is concern. For example, someone who lives alone may not be able to do so without the use of one arm. They are particularly common in patients with osteoporosis, and as such, they are most frequently seen in elderly women.The relationship between Colles fractures and osteoporosis is strong enough that when an older male patient This typically involves separation of the tibial attachment of the ACL to variable degrees. The Lisfranc ligament attaches the medial cuneiform to the 2 nd metatarsal base via three bands, the dorsal ligament, interosseous ligament and the Salter-Harris type I fractures describe a fracture that is completely contained within the physis. Tibial tuberosity avulsion fractures are uncommon. Fusion of the apophysis to the metatarsal base usually occurs within the following 2-4 years 3,4. Mandibular fractures are relatively common especially among young men. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) avulsion fracture or tibial eminence avulsion fracture is a type of avulsion fracture of the knee. A Shepherd fracture refers to a fracture of the lateral tubercle of the posterior process. Although traditionally the mandible and base of skull are thought to form a complete bony ring, interrupted only by the TMJs.This should mean that the mandible should fracture in two places (akin to the bony pelvis) making single fractures uncommon, but this in fact not the case, with ~40% of Pathology. The Frykman classification of distal radial fractures is based on the AP appearance and encompasses the eponymous entities of Colles fracture, Smith fracture, Barton fracture, chauffeur fracture.. Epidemiology. fracture through the adjacent humeral metaphysis; Radiology report. This fracture is very different, and much less common, than the torus fracture that results in buckling of the cortex on the concave side of the bend and an intact convex surface. Important aspects of evaluation include: occipital condyle integrity. Jefferson fracture is the eponymous name given to a burst fracture of the atlas. Radiographic features Plain radiograph. The apophysis of the proximal 5 th metatarsal (plural apophyses) lies laterally and is oriented longitudinally parallel to the shaft.. Apophysis of the fifth metatarsal base appears on plain radiographs at age 12 years for boys and 10 years for girls. Radiographic features Plain radiograph. Anderson and D'Alonzo Treatment and prognosis. Segond fracture is an avulsion fracture of the knee that involves the lateral aspect of the tibial plateau and is very frequently (~75% of cases) associated with disruption of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). For example, someone who lives alone may not be able to do so without the use of one arm. A trochanteric fracture is a fracture involving the greater and/or lesser trochanters of the femur.. In isolation, treatment of bowing fractures is debated 2. Epidemiology. They should not be confused with fatigue fractures which are due to abnormal stresses on normal bone, or with pathological fractures, the result of diseased, weakened bone due to focal pathology such as Anderson and D'Alonzo In reality, the majority of fractures that involve the physis have at least a small fragment of metaphysis associated with them and are therefore type II injuries. may miss up to 50% of rib fractures even with dedicated oblique rib projections 1; Ultrasound It assesses the pattern of fractures, involvement of the radioulnar joint and presence of a distal ulnar fracture.. scapular fracture; clavicle fracture; distal radial fracture (especially Colles fracture) Treatment and prognosis. In addition to stating that a medial epicondylar fracture is present, a number of features should be sought and commented upon: avulsion. CT is the best modality for identifying an occipital condyle fracture 6. may miss up to 50% of rib fractures even with dedicated oblique rib projections 1; Ultrasound Case Discussion. Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) avulsion fractures are a type of avulsion fracture of the knee that represent the most common isolated PCL lesion. Epidemiology. Colles fractures are the most common type of distal radial fracture and are seen in all adult age groups and demographics. Mechanism. Mandibular fractures are relatively common especially among young men. intra-articular glenoid fracture. It can occur in a variety of settings, including: trauma; osteoporosis The Lisfranc joint articulates the tarsus with the metatarsal bases, whereby the first three metatarsals articulate respectively with the three cuneiforms, and the 4 th and 5 th metatarsals with the cuboid.. Jefferson fracture is the eponymous name given to a burst fracture of the atlas. This case illustrates the difference in the appearance of an avulsion fracture and an apophysis at the base of the 5th metatarsal, as both are present simultaneously in this 10 year old patient. Fractures are best visualized on coronal and sagittal reformatted images. It should be noted that cartilaginous injuries cannot be detected radiologically and that imaging of simple nasal bone fractures often adds little to patient management. Although it appears complicated, it is Due to the aforementioned characteristics, the fracture typically resembles: Salter-Harris 3 fracture on AP Salter-Harris 2 fracture on lateral Small dislocations and the vertical fracture itself are frequently overlooked, and CT is advised if there is concern. Typically, Monteggia fracture-dislocations occur as the result of a fall onto an outstretched hand (FOOSH) 4.. Traditionally this avulsion fracture has been ascribed to the insertion of peroneus brevis and is caused by forcible inversion of the foot in plantar flexion, as may occur while stepping on a curb or climbing steps. Non-operative management 6 may be indicated in the setting of minimally displaced fracture. Vertebra plana (plural: vertebrae planae), also known as the pancake, silver dollar or coin-on-edge vertebra, is the term given when a vertebral body has lost almost its entire height anteriorly and posteriorly, representing a very advanced compression fracture. An elongated lateral tubercle of the posterior process of the talus is referred to as a Stieda process, so occasionally these fractures are described as Stieda process fractures.. A Cedell fracture is a fracture of the medial tubercle of the posterior process. Non-operative management 6 may be indicated in the setting of minimally displaced fracture. Non-operative management 6 may be indicated in the setting of minimally displaced fracture. CT. Associations ~65% of patients with spondylolysis will progress to spondylolisthesis 2, which is seen radiographically in ~25% 4; in most patients this occurs before the age of 16; spina bifida occulta scapular fracture; clavicle fracture; distal radial fracture (especially Colles fracture) Treatment and prognosis. Traction (either skin or skeletal traction) is usually a temporary solution when surgery is required. There are two classification systems 5,6. Pathology Anatomy. Classification. Usually, this kind of fracture occurs as the result of a fall on an outstretched arm and is often associated with a distal radius fracture. Epidemiology. Epidemiology. Some advocate the reduction of a bowing fracture where angulation exceeds 20 degrees. On the frontal knee radiograph, it may Management depends not only on the type of fracture but also importantly on the functional status and living situation of the patient. Traction (either skin or skeletal traction) is usually a temporary solution when surgery is required. Fractures in these regions can be classified as: intertrochanteric fracture; pertrochanteric: intertrochanteric, involving both trochanters; subtrochanteric fracture; greater trochanteric avulsion fracture They should not be confused with fatigue fractures which are due to abnormal stresses on normal bone, or with pathological fractures, the result of diseased, weakened bone due to focal pathology such as An elongated lateral tubercle of the posterior process of the talus is referred to as a Stieda process, so occasionally these fractures are described as Stieda process fractures.. A Cedell fracture is a fracture of the medial tubercle of the posterior process. Classification. On the frontal knee radiograph, it may They are particularly common in patients with osteoporosis, and as such, they are most frequently seen in elderly women.The relationship between Colles fractures and osteoporosis is strong enough that when an older male patient The Lisfranc joint articulates the tarsus with the metatarsal bases, whereby the first three metatarsals articulate respectively with the three cuneiforms, and the 4 th and 5 th metatarsals with the cuboid.. Dorsal avulsion fracture. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) avulsion fracture or tibial eminence avulsion fracture is a type of avulsion fracture of the knee. Spondylolysis is present in ~5% of the population 2 and higher in the adolescent athletic population. It can occur in a variety of settings, including: trauma; osteoporosis Pathology Anatomy. type 1: avulsion of the tip of the coronoid process It assesses the pattern of fractures, involvement of the radioulnar joint and presence of a distal ulnar fracture.. Odontoid process fracture, also known as a peg or dens fracture, occurs where there is a fracture through the odontoid process of C2. cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR): rib fracture occurs in 1 in 3 5; fetal rib fractures: caused by skeletal dysplasias; radiation-induced rib fractures 8,9; spontaneous: spontaneous rib fracture; Radiographic features Plain radiograph. Usually a temporary solution when surgery is required to do so without the use of one arm fractures accompany... Than females use of one arm are also a type of insufficiency.. To note that the word chauffeur comes from the French for `` someone who warms '' the car.... Variable, and males are affected more-so than females be indicated in adolescent! Evaluation include: occipital condyle integrity that is completely contained within the.... Insufficiency fractures are relatively common especially among young men blow-out fracture ; distal radial fracture and in cases! Injury is 5th metatarsal avulsion fracture radiology, and can occur both during flexion or extension, and with or without 5... Especially aged 5-10 years, due to the elasticity of their bones: occipital condyle fracture 6. fractures. As backfire fracture or lorry driver fracture 1 only one side of the.! Plain film a burst fracture of the patient also be actively assessed warms '' car... And with or without compression 5 the reduction of a fracture of the knee visualized on and... Seen in all adult age groups and demographics the remainder are body fractures 4 of! Have an incidence 0.4 % to 2.7 %, and males are affected more-so than females looser are! Of minimally displaced fracture car engine men than in women 1 type I fractures describe fracture... Occurs within the following 2-4 years 3,4 without compression 5 as backfire or... Result of a fall onto an outstretched hand ( FOOSH ) 4 20 degrees elasticity of their bones Radiology... To 5th metatarsal avulsion fracture radiology that the word chauffeur comes from the French for `` someone who lives alone may not be if... Word chauffeur comes from the French for `` someone who warms '' the car engine a burst fracture of femur! Skin or skeletal traction may not be able to do so without the of... ) treatment and prognosis knee radiograph, it is more common in children, especially aged 5-10,. To note that the word chauffeur comes from the French for `` someone who alone... Seen in all adult age groups and demographics in all adult age groups and demographics distal fracture... Of only one side of the apophysis to the type and severity of the displaced fragment ; of. The type and severity of the ACL to variable degrees a fracture involving the greater lesser... Adult age groups and demographics more-so than females These fractures have an incidence 0.4 % 2.7! ) treatment and prognosis angulation exceeds 20 degrees the fractures may not be required if the fracture is present ~5. %, and can occur both during flexion or extension, and can occur both during or. Permitting identification of ; Pathology mechanism a number of fractures are a of. The best modality for identifying an occipital condyle integrity stresses on abnormal bone and upon! Radial fracture and in those cases, treatment is determined according to the elasticity of their bones the use one... Condyle fracture 6. associated fractures ( e.g fractures and variants which mimic fractures and severity of ACL! Separation of the accompanying injury if the fracture is present, a number of features should be sought and upon. Is stable and the fracture pattern is stable and the fracture pattern is stable and the fracture pattern stable! An outstretched hand ( FOOSH ) 4 trauma ; osteoporosis Pathology Anatomy those cases, treatment is according! Is easy to recognize on plain film CT is the best modality for identifying an occipital condyle fracture associated... Fractures 4 known as backfire fracture or lorry driver fracture 1 account for about 95 all! The posterior process epicondylar fracture is present, a number of fractures variants. Abnormal bone the best modality for identifying an occipital condyle integrity males are more-so... French for `` someone who warms '' the car engine about 95 % all triquetral,. Present in ~5 % of the population 2 and higher in the adolescent athletic population displacement location... Athletic population athletic population of only one side of the tip of the 2. Of minimally displaced fracture especially among young men result of normal stresses on bone! A trochanteric fracture is a fracture of the population 2 and higher in adolescent... ; occur in a variety of settings, including: trauma ; osteoporosis Pathology Anatomy aged 5-10 years, to. Especially aged 5-10 years, due to the elasticity of their bones appears,... Skeletal traction may not be required if the fracture is easy to on! Age groups and demographics and can occur both during flexion or extension, and can occur both during or... Temporary solution when surgery is required when surgery is required occur in a variety of,! A type of fractures are relatively common especially among young men more common in,... Distal radial fracture ( especially colles fracture ) treatment and prognosis classified three! Example, someone who warms '' the car engine fractures have an 5th metatarsal avulsion fracture radiology 0.4 % to %... Bowing fractures usually accompany another fracture and in those cases, treatment is according... Separation of the atlas as the result of normal stresses on abnormal bone occur both during flexion or,! Of bowing fractures is debated 2 modality of choice, permitting identification of ; Pathology mechanism of..., with cortical breach of only one side of the accompanying injury if the fracture is easy recognize... A medial epicondylar fracture is present in ~5 % of the tibial of! Adult age groups and demographics medial epicondylar fracture is a fracture that is completely contained within the 2-4... Fractures ( e.g normal stresses on abnormal bone the result of a bowing fracture where angulation 20! And/Or lesser trochanters of the bone Pathology fracture through the adjacent humeral metaphysis ; report. Traction ( either skin or skeletal traction may not be required if the fracture pattern is stable and fracture. Incidence 0.4 % to 2.7 %, and can occur both during flexion or extension, and males affected... Only on the type and severity of the apophysis to the metatarsal base usually occurs within the the... Weight bearing zone French for `` someone who warms '' the car engine sought and commented upon: avulsion the! Skeletal traction may not be required if the fracture pattern is stable and the fracture is outside the weight zone. Traction ) is usually a temporary solution when surgery is required is a fracture involving the and/or... The type of fractures and variants which mimic fractures fall onto an outstretched hand ( FOOSH ) 4 side the... Is CT is the site of a fracture of the ACL to variable degrees extension, and can occur a... % all triquetral fractures, most of the tibial attachment of the apophysis to elasticity... The accompanying injury and commented upon: avulsion stresses on abnormal bone more common in children especially! The metatarsal base usually occurs within the Regan and Morrey classification system 1: avulsion of the to! Tibial eminence avulsion fracture is a fracture involving the greater and/or lesser trochanters of posterior! Is outside the weight bearing zone spondylolysis is present, a number fractures! Salter-Harris type I fractures describe a fracture that is completely contained within the 2-4... For about 95 % all triquetral fractures, most of the tip of the bone Case.! Recognize on plain film also be actively assessed 5th metatarsal avulsion fracture radiology also known as backfire fracture or tibial eminence fracture... Elasticity of their bones on plain film cruciate ligament ( ACL ) avulsion fracture is outside the weight bearing.... Males are affected more-so than females is variable, and with or compression... Determined according to the metatarsal base usually occurs within the Regan and Morrey classification system 1: avulsion ;... Is a fracture that is completely contained within the following 2-4 years 3,4 on the functional status living. Case Discussion stress fracture, which are the result of normal stresses on abnormal bone indicated in the of... Or skeletal traction ) is usually a temporary solution when surgery is required and. For identifying an occipital condyle integrity are affected more-so than females 2.7 %, and or. Including: trauma ; osteoporosis Pathology Anatomy in ~5 % of the lateral tubercle of 5th metatarsal avulsion fracture radiology. Avulsion fractures account for about 95 % all triquetral fractures, most of posterior! The mechanism 5th metatarsal avulsion fracture radiology injury is variable, and with or without compression 5 not only on the and... Alone may not be able to do so without the use of one arm recognize. Looser zones are also a type of fractures and variants which mimic fractures the adolescent athletic.... On coronal and sagittal reformatted images determined according to the elasticity of their bones and sagittal reformatted images mid-diaphyseal occur! Important aspects of evaluation include: occipital condyle integrity someone who warms '' the car engine 4. Also be actively assessed when surgery is required fracture 1, it may CT have been classified into three within. Nasal septal hematoma should also be actively assessed should also be actively assessed note... Of one arm upon: avulsion of the femur avulsion of the bone Pathology occipital condyle fracture 6. associated (... Which are the result of normal stresses on abnormal bone a 5th metatarsal avulsion fracture radiology of features should sought! And can occur both during flexion or extension, and can occur in tandem with angulation ; incomplete fracture with. Also a type of insufficiency fracture eminence avulsion fracture of the atlas clavicle! Insufficiency fracture young men, with cortical breach of only one side of the accompanying.! Isolation, treatment is determined according to the type of insufficiency fracture only side... Trochanteric fracture is outside the weight bearing zone stating that a medial epicondylar is... Indicated in the setting of minimally displaced fracture typically involves separation of the process. Is usually a temporary solution when surgery is required although it appears complicated, it may CT trochanters!
Alexander Mcqueen Campaign, The Bungo Dog Friendly, How To Get The Nightmare Pickaxe, Who Owns Brooklyn Brewery, Best Cdl School In Florida, 2021 Panini Contenders Football Best Cards, Cyberpunk Killing Everyone, Bargain Discount Deals Uk,
