The management of Shatner Manufacturing Company is trying to decide whether to continue manufacturing a part or to buy it from an outside supplier. $$ The total economic costs have two components the fixed costs and variable costs. For those jobs where you can't rely on your past experience to . In a system that uses multiple predetermined overhead rates, overhead is applied ______. they " estimated total manufacturing overhead costs at $1,050,000,and they estimated total direct labor S840,000. They estimated that 5,000 hours would be used. We are told that direct materials are $1,800. = FCx + VCx. It is titinada difficult to get besaran variable costs. We use total variable costs while analyzing profitability. The Total Cost of a Job Includes ______.. Want to learn what is kuantitas cost formula? Using a set period allows you to analyze when you are breaking even and earning a profit. * How did Toyota determine the estimated liability amounts? Here is how to find total costs. = Total Fixed Cost + Total Variable Cost, Total Variable Cost = Average Variable Cost Per Unit * Quantity of Units Produced, Total cost = Total fixed cost + Average Variable Cost Saban Unit * Quantity of Units Produced. ** Collected $55,000 of accounts receivable. True or False True False The total amount of cost assigned to jobs that were completed during the year is the cost of goods sold. ** Paid rent of $9,000 for the period March 1, 2018, to March 1, 2019, and recorded the expired rent for the period January 1, 2018, to March 1, 2018. = fixed cost variable costs + opportunity costs. We need to deduct fixed costs and divide them by Q. Fair value accounting Basics on fair value accounting. (d) Why is there variation in the To find kuantitas variable costs we add different components of variable costs or expenses related to production. A statistics practitioner wishes to test the following hypotheses: On December 31, 20X3, the officers of Slanted Building Supplies indicated they needed advice on whether to use the equity method or to carry the investment at fair value in reporting their ownership in Flat Flooring. measure of activity used to assign overhead costs to products and services. manufacturing overhead costs charged to the job. direct materials, direct labor, manufacturing overhead. All variable manufacturing and direct fixed costs will be eliminated if CISCO is purchased. (c) Calculate the standard deviation and coefficient of variation. The type and quantity of each type of direct material needed to complete a unit of product is listed on the ______. The company has recently been seeing its total costs increase 15% year over year and Jane has been put in charge of analyzing this trend in an effort to fix it. Add all of these costs together to get the total variable costs of a single unit. Allocation bases that do not drive overhead costs ______. Combining these results with those of Exercise before, carry out the analysis of variance calculations and discuss your findings. Tax accounting Basics on tax accounting & 5 key principles. The kuantitas costs formula = total costs of variable cost + total cost of fixed cost. These costs include advertising, salesman's salaries and commissions, packing, storage, transportation, and sales administrative costs. Administrative overhead includes costs of planning and controlling the general policies and operations of a business enterprise. The following transactions take place during the current year. The job cost sheet for Job 313 includes $19,952 in direct materials cost and $10,400 in. Total cost in economics includes the total opportunity cost (benefits received from the next-best alternative) of each factor of production as part of its fixed or variable costs. Pastel Corporation acquired a controlling interest in Somber Corporation in 20X5 for an amount equal to its underlying book value. It is the sum of all fixed costs (cost of machinery, lease) and variable costs (cost of raw material and labor). 10 Best accounting calculators and how to use of them. The average manufacturing overhead cost per unit tends to ______. The variable cost is unpredictable. Your firm has determined your applied overhead cost for the job is $8,500. Assuming Pastel and Somber report depreciation expense of$15,000 and $9,000, respectively, for 20X9, what depreciation amount will be reported in the consolidated income statement for 20X9? **1. $$ **3. $$ Direct materials costs are recorded on the job cost sheet when the ______. True or false: One reason to use a predetermined overhead rate is to eliminate the effect of seasonal factors. The factory overhead is applied to work in process at 150% of direct labor cost. Obtain a quantity of goods period over the period. $1,800 total cost of job / 200 . The adjustment for overapplied overhead ______. Which of the following would not be a good allocation base for manufacturing overhead? Total manufacturing overhead costs tend to: An essential quality of an overhead allocation base is that it must ______. A predetermined overhead rate is calculated by dividing the ______ total manufacturing overhead by the _____ total amount of the allocation base, Companies that make many different products each period use _______________ costing (2 words), Labor costs that are easily traced to a job are called _________ labor costs, direct materials, direct labor, manufacturing overhead. ** Incurred operating expenses of$32,000 on account. 2. B. Allocated costs will have to be absorbed by other production departments. **4. Total cost refers to the total cost of ownership, where the costs of ongoing operations, maintenance, and repairs, and the benefit of any residual value are considered alongside the initial purchase price of an asset. Pane's profit plan for the year included budgeted direct labor of P320,000 and factory. This amount includes the cost of the materials used in . variable manufacturing overhead cost per unit. The total cost is the cost of producing the specific level of output factoring in all the costs of production. Jones Company uses a job-order costing system with a predetermined overhead rate of 120% of direct labor cost. True or False True False Jumlah cost in economics A SERVICE firm that would most likely use job-order costing is a ______. Variable costs are costs that change with the tagihan of goods produced. Best business audiobooks Top 75 business audiobooks, Every business operation has variable costs. predetermined overhead rate amount of allocation base incurred by job. As such, accurately tracking the cost of each job results in maximized profits. The notion of total cost is used to define average cost (the average cost of a unit of output is the total cost divided by the number of units produced) and marginal cost (the marginal cost of a given unit of output is the increase in the total cost required to produce that unit). C) explicit, but not implicit, cost. (Enter your answer as a whole number. \hline The total amount of cost assigned to jobs that were completed during the year is the cost of goods sold. It means others cannot use the same product. In this section, we show how to how to calculate total variable costs? \text { Midwest } & 43 & 60 & 50 \\ Average variable cost will help you determine if you should temporarily stop your production. This value includes every phase of ownership: acquisition, operation, and the softer costs of change management that flows down from acquisition such as documentation and training. School University of the South Pacific; Course Title AF AF210; Uploaded By avvvvvlh. The besaran fixed cost is calculated over a short period like a month or six months. In this section, here is how to calculate average total costs. Company ABC leases office space for $10,000 per month. The predetermined overhead rate is multiplied by the actual allocation base incurred by a job to find ______. 8,000 units of CISCO were produced in the Machining Department. Answer is true Explanation: The total manufacturing cost for a job includes direct materials, direct labor and manufacturing overhead applied based on the pre-determined overhead rate computed at. To find the total variable cost you first need to identify all the variable costs associated with the specific production of the unit. The formula for finding this is simply fixed costs + variable costs = total cost. Total Cost It shows information about the total cost of a particular job. A multiple predetermined overhead rate system is more accurate than a plantwide overhead rate system because it ______. a. ** Paid rent of $8,400 for the period March 1, 2017, to March 1, 2018, and recorded the expired rent for the period January 1, 2017, to March 1, 2017. Total cost is the sum of all costs that are used in manufacturing or producing an output. To begin a realistic saving plan, business leaders need to study the companys spending patterns. The total cost of Job Order No. . Average variable cost can be calculated from your companys cost function. When compared to a departmental approach, using activity-based costing using results in ______ overhead rates. A factor that causes overhead costs is called a ______. The variable costs are $25000. Components of Total Costs: 1. The United States requires absorption costing for ______ financial reports. A measure such as direct labor-hours or machine hours used to assign overhead costs to products and services is called a cost driver or a(n), Overhead application is the process of ______, assigning manufacturing overhead cost to jobs. Source: https://unremot.com/blog/total-cost-formula/. Marginal costs formula It may be helpful to open T-accounts and post transactions to these accounts before attempting to prepare the statements. Manufacturing overhead consists of ______. Average besaran cost is an important parameter to make business decisions related to pricing. Direct materials costs are recorded on the job cost sheet when the ______. Each production department may have its own predetermined overhead rate. automatically record and post direct labor costs to jobs. The Total Cost Of Job #42A Is $ (Enter Your Answer . Question. The jumlah cost formula = total costs of variable cost + total cost of fixed cost, The difference between perbatasan cost and average variable cost is as follows , Also read: (b) Which is the best measure of central tendency, and why? D) explicit and implicit costs. The total cost of a job includes _____.-Direct Materials Cost-Direct Labor Cost-Applied Manufacturing Overhead. The information about manufacturing costs that is shown on job cost sheet usually includes materials requisition number, cost of direct materials issued, time tickets, direct labor hours, direct labor rate per hour and total cost, manufacturing overhead rate per direct labor or machine hour and total cost etc. To the economist, total cost includes. = ATC AVC, Also read: The jumlah fixed cost formula, The average besaran cost is the total fixed and variable cost divided by the total units produced. We define costs as the value of money required to produce a product or deliver goods. Manufacturing overhead costs Let's dive deeper into these three areas. It is the sum of total fixed costs and total variable costs. Job 303 includes direct materials costs of $500 and direct labor costs of $430. The marginal cost function is derivative of the besaran cost function C(x). In terms of variable costs, the company produces 2000 widgets at $10 masing-masing unit. ***Instructions*** Manufacturing overhead consists of ______. denotes an incremental change of one unit. 2. \text{Accounts Payable}&&\text{12,300} &&\text{11,300} &&\text{15,300}\\ A job cost formula, sometimes referred to as "job costing," is the process professionals use to tally the total amount of money that a job incurs. Also read: Kuantitas revenue formula [ With Examples]. Also read: Labor charges that cannot be easily traced to a job are considered ______. = Variable cost masing-masing unit X Quantity of goods, Total fixed costs are an integral part of fixed costs. We will look at total cost formula and examples. It depends on factors like the costs of the alternative chosen and the benefits. **6. Tepian costs changes with changes in quantity of production. Widely used allocation bases in manufacturing are: The predetermined overhead rate is multiplied by the actual allocation base incurred by a job to find (5 words), Smith, Inc. uses a job-order costing system with the predetermined overhead rate of $12 per machine-hour. Requirement 1. Fifa 22 Free Coins And Fifa Points 7RiVOFC How To Get Free Fifa Points In Fifa 22 [ Updated : December 11, 2022] Users Online: 5496 This team has a value of just under 5,000 coins, but should . ** Incurred operating expenses of $18,000 on account. They rent machinery for $5000 per month. To keep track of labor time and costs, many firms have replaced ______. $$ Companies that make many different products each period use (1) - (2) costing. Variable manufacturing costs applicable to the production of each CISCO unit were: direct materials $4.80, direct labor$4.30, indirect labor $0.43, utilities$0.40. * What negative impact did this recall have on Toyota? The cost function formula calculator helps businesses track expenses. Experts are tested by Chegg as specialists in their subject area. The average total cost formula. If you sell the products at a higher price than average variable cost and fixed costs, then your business can continue with the production. (Enter only one word per blank.) **3. Fixed manufacturing costs applicable to the production of CISCO were: The total cost formula TC = FC + VC Also read: Kirkland agrees to convert the debt owed into a short-term note, with an 8% annual interest rate, payable in two months from August 3. Typical fixed costs are the salary of permanent employees, rent, mortgage payments, etc. Estimated prices for every common building material, the labor cost to install the material and a total "installed" cost. You need to determine the fixed costs accurately. Binding Minimum Wages Increase the Natural Rate of Unemployment. 28,000 associates of more than 100 nationalities deliver high quality and affordable medicine on time, every time, safely and efficiently. You need to pay fixed costs as long as the business operates. Add all partikular fixed costs to get total fixed costs. What is the cost per unit for Job 145? Fixed costs are also called overhead costs or the money required to operate. In the formula Y = a + bX, b represents the estimated ______. Overhead Rate = Overhead Costs / Sales. 2023 National Construction Estimator Book 71st Annual Edition - Current building costs for residential, commercial, and industrial construction. In a job order costing system, a job cost sheet is maintained for each job. To calculate the unit product cost using the job cost sheet _____. The total cost of going to college means more than tuition, fees, and books; it also includes an opportunity cost which equals at least four years of missed wages and advancements from a full-time job-about $49,000 for a 4-year degree and $20,000 for a 2-year degree. Factory Cost - This comprises Prime Cost and factory or works overheads which include costs of indirect material, indirect labour and indirect factory expenses. . Fixed costs are independent of business activity. The average kuantitas cost formula is as follows, Average total costs Typical variable costs associated with the business are raw materials, shipping expenses, and labor costs. An actual overhead rate is not known until the end of the period. In this section, we discuss how to calculate average variable costs. What is materiality accounting & 5 practical examples, Total costs are the cost incurred by a company to produce a certain quantity of goods. A small saving can add up considerably in a period. ** Paid$33,000 of accounts payable. Total fixed costs Program purpose: - Knowing the companies from which purchases are made and the companies to which they are sold - Knowing the amounts required for the companies from which the purchase was made Knowing the amounts on the companies that were sold to - Knowing the types of products sold by type, quantity, price and date (season) Data entry screen 1) Purchase type: date, invoice number, product . = Jumlah Cost of Production Variable Cost Per Unit * No. (Enter only one word per blank.). A) neither implicit nor explicit costs. The total cost formula, Also read: These costs are connected with business volume and will increase or decrease depending on how much is produced. \text { Region } & \text { Red } & \text { Yellow } & \text { Blue } \\ Job 145 had 1,000 units completed and transferred to Finished Goods. The equipment is being depreciated on a 15-year straight-line basis. Prepare an income statement, balance sheet, and statement of cash flows. Average fixed cost is the fixed costs to produce one unit of the product. * Do you agree with Toyotas treatment assignment for reported liabilities (probable and estimable, probable and inestimable, for example)? Which of the following is not a manufacturing cost category? Also, this system is used when each output is different from others. Besaran cost TC = AVC + AFC) X Quantity of goods, Total variable cost is the aggregate of all the variable costs associated with the cost of selling in the period. The formula for applying overhead to a specific job is ______. The average cost graph is typically U-shaped. machine-hours, flight-hours, computer time. The additional total cost of one additional unit of production is called marginal cost. The total cost of a business is adding costs involved in the production of a certain quality. [ 8] 5. - consists of many different types of costs. The cost function Cx $f(z)=z^{3} e^{z}, f^{\prime \prime \prime}(z)$. Jones Company uses a job-order costing system with a predetermined overhead rate of 120% of direct labor cost. Businesses costs can be broadly classified into fixed and variable costs. Categories of manufacturing costs include ______. What factors should be considered in determining whether equity-method reporting is appropriate? Which of the following would not be a good allocation base for manufacturing overhead? The factory overhead is applied to work in process @ 150% of direct labor cost. Total cost is a recoverable expense, whereas opportunity cost doctrine come in the investment decisions philosophy where it is the returns forfeited for investing in an alternate project or instrument of financial nature. Slanted Building Supplies purchased 32 percent of the voting shares of Flat Flooring Company in March 20X3. A job cost sheet is a complete sheet prepared by the factory accountant for every job started in the factory. The total cost of a job includes: A. applied manufacturing overhead B. direct labor cost C. direct materials cost D. non-manufacturing cost E. actual manufacturing overhead $42,300 Smith, Inc. uses a job-order costing system with the predetermined overhead rate of $12 per machine-hour. **4. Identify all the variable costs. ** Sold land for $5,000; the land had a cost of$5,000. \begin{array}{ll}H_0: & \mu=600 \\ H_1: & \mu<600\end{array} A normal costing system applies overhead by job by multiplying a(n) ______ ______ rate by the _______ amount of the allocation base incurred by the job. The fixed costs include costs that are unchanged in the short term like machinery and building costs. Also read: It has a utility bill of $ 1000. Fill in the blanks to complete the sentence. reflects differences in how overhead costs are incurred within departments. The total cost of Job #42A is $ (Enter your answer as a whole This problem has been solved! We compute the fixed costs over a set period. UPS continues to get less expensive in the last 30 days (down 1.78% on average), primarily due to lower fuel surcharges as oil prices decline off . **Required** 20 b. The Work-in-Process account of the Malinta Company which uses a job order cost system follows: . Direct labor cost, including payroll taxes, are $ 23 per hour, and employees worked 18 hours on Job 1 and 29 hours on Job 2. The average fixed cost formula, Here is you find how to find the average fixed cost. Fixed costs are not permanent but any changes will not be directly related to output. Overhead is applied at the rate of $ 20 per direct labor hours. Total variable costs are calculated for a period. The document that records the materials, labor, and manufacturing overhead costs charged to a job is the ______. Fixed costs for business include rent, utilities, building lease, equipment, insurance premium, and salary of permanent employees. **2016** costs at In June; 2012, Arabica completed job number . Historically, there have been two types of radiology practices in Canada: The academic radiology practice at a tertiary academic medical centers (AMCs), and the community radiology practice, in both community hospitals and outpatient imaging centers. The total manufacturing cost for a job includes the amount of applied overhead using the predetermined overhead rate. The company writes that the affected areas would include parts of the Global Business units, Sales, and the global Operational and Central Corporate functions. General Dynamics Land Systems Offers: Robust Total Rewards program, including: competitive base pay, incentive pay that rewards individual and team performance, and comprehensive benefits 401k Match (6%) Tuition Assistance 9-80 Work Schedule (This position's standard work schedule is a 9/80. \text { West } & 38 & 49 & 44 \\ Research information about the car manufacturer, and one of the two recall situations described. **Toyota** is a car manufacturer that has issued several recalls over the years. A change in quantity is the increase or decrease in production level. XYZ company has a fixed cost $10,000 and a variable cost of $3 masing-masing unit. \text{Equipment} && \text{53,500}\\ Fixed costs are costs associated with capital. Actual overhead for 2017 was $120,000 and actual direct labor-hours were 7,500. Economic costs are the cost of the decision. the total cost of a job includes applied manufacturing overhead, direct labor cost, direct materials cost to calculate the unit product cost using the job cost sheet divide the total job cost by the number of units produced why is the unit product cost different from the cost that would be incurred if another (additional) unit were produced \text{\hspace{10pt}Accumulated Depreciation} &&& \text{64,000}\\ True or False True False Which of the following statements is correct? Fixed costs remain unchanged with productions levels. (Enter only one word per blank.). materials are issued to the job Labor costs that are easily traced to a job are called (1) labor costs. A note at the bottom of the consolidation worksheet at January 1, 20X9, indicates the equipment was purchased from a non-affiliate on January 1, 20X1, for $120,000 and was sold to an affiliate on December 31, 20X8. An hour-by-hour summary of an employee's activities throughout the day is found on the (1) (2). This option is suitable if you have a list of expenses. These may differ depending on the nature of the business. A cost function is a relationship between cost and quantity. \ Cost of Goods Sold - COGS: Cost of goods sold (COGS) is the direct costs attributable to the production of the goods sold in a company. It is sum of total cost of goods divided by the number of goods, Formula to calculate marginal cost = change in jumlah costs/change in quantity, Average cost = Total costs/ number of goods, How Long of a Shower With a 40 Gallon Tank, When Does Grass Start Growing in Michigan, Which Point Represents an Inefficient Use of Resources, Actual Investment Spending Includes Spending by Consumers on. \text{NCl in NA of Somber Corp.} && \text{1,050}\\ Statistics students were asked to fill a one-cup measure with raisin bran, tap the cup lightly on the The adjustment for underapplied overhead ______. O b. direct material, direct labour and manufacturing overhead in both job costing and process costing. Direct material costs 2. How much overhead was applied to a job completed during 2017 that used 200 direct labor-hours? Thus, total cost includes the cost of all the input factors used for producing a certain level of output. | Property taxes | 500 | 200 | It covers the cost of making sales and delivering products. **5. Typically, the customer pays all of these incurred costs plus any costs that the job requires to be profitable. Prime Cost - Prime cost is the sum of direct material costs, direct labour costs and direct expenses. **7. Fundamentals of Financial Management, Concise Edition, Daniel F Viele, David H Marshall, Wayne W McManus, Fundamental Financial Accounting Concepts, Alvin A Arens, Mark A Beasley, Randal J Elder. of Units Produced. The average variable cost curve is U-shaped. The Job Cost Sheet For Job # 42A Listed $12,000 In Direct Labor Cost, $18,000 In Direct Materials Cost, 1,200 Direct Labor-Hours And 1,100 Machine-Hours. Direct material costs Direct materials are the actual physical materials that need to be purchased, refined, and consumed in order to make the product. In this section, we elaborate on how to calculate total fixed costs. Assuming no work-in-process on December 31, Pane's. overhead for the year was . It helps you determine if you need to adjust pricing, reduce cost, and helps you identify diversifying opportunities. Here's how to calculate job costing: Direct Materials ($2,500) + Direct Labor ($20,000) + Applied overhead ($8,500) = $31,000 Which of the following is not a manufacturing cost category? predetermined overhead rate amount of allocation base incurred by job. \text { South } & 49 & 51 & 58 \\ Protein is an essential macronutrient that helps with muscle building, tissue repair, and vital . = F1+F2+F3+F4+. The largest geographical district in Los Angeles County, Antelope Valley Union High School District, serves 9th through 12th grade students residing in 30% of the total Los Angeles County area. In service businesses using job order costing, the hourly rate used to charge costs to a job usually includes: A. both labor and overhead cost B. labor cost only C. overhead cost only D. labor, overhead, and miscellaneous costs E. none . Optimum Nutrition's Gold Standard 100% Whey Protein is extremely popular among health and fitness enthusiasts for being high-quality, well-priced, and available in a wide range of exciting flavors. Our rate is $18.00 per direct labor hour. The formula for applying overhead to a specific job is ______. Companies recalculate their fixed costs periodically to ensure profitability. Transcribed Image Text: Total manufacturing cost includes: Select one: tof O a. direct labour and manufacturing overhead in both a job costing and a estion process costing system. All manufacturing costs are assigned to units of product and all nonmanufacturing costs are treated as period cost under costing. * As a result of the recall, what contingent liabilities were (or could be) created? **Required** The total job offer package includes all of the benefits and other perks that are provided to you as an employee of the company. Job cost sheet is not only used to . **2. This includes the cost of labor, material, and overhead costs. Why do companies use a predetermined overhead rate rather than an actual overhead rate? We need to find out the following. The average total cost is typically U-shaped, the graph decreases, bottoms out rises again. type of each direct material needed to complete a unit of product. \begin{array}{lccc} Which of the following statements is correct? divide the total job cost by the number of units produced. \text{Prepaid Rent}&&\text{0} &&\text{1,000} &&\text{1,400}\\ School The International School of Elite; Course Title ACC 203; Uploaded By rajlohano95. Donald E. Kieso, Jerry J. Weygandt, Terry D. Warfield, Daniel F Viele, David H Marshall, Wayne W McManus, Barbara Chiappetta, John J. (c) Would the decision be different if Shatner Company has the opportunity to produce$3,000 of net income with the facilities currently being used to manufacture CISCO? The process used to assign overhead costs to products is called overhead. = Total Cost (Variable Cost Per Unit * Units Produced). What is the amount of direct labor cost charged and factory overhead applied to job 777C? \ **5. Serene Company purchases fountains for its inventory from Kirkland Inc. The graph gradually goes down before rising again. \end{array} **6. To calculate the unit product cost using the job cost sheet ______. Total Cost Of Ownership - TCO: Total cost of ownership (TCO) is the purchase price of an asset plus the costs of operation. Average cost starts high because of the low denominator. | | $3,500 |$1,700 | To calculate labor costs, multiply each employee's payroll daily rate by the number of days spent working on a specific job. The variable cost formula Add fixed and variable costs to find the total cost. It has two components the fixed costs and variable costs. Marginal costs represent the extra costs that occur when you produce extra units of goods or services. overhead costs are included on job cost sheets, through a process we discuss later in the chapter. . Total manufacturing cost includes a direct material. can be easily traced to jobs, while indirect labor cannot, - quantity of each direct material needed to complete a unit of product. \text{Salaries Payable}&&\text{0} &&\text{0} &&\text{2,100}\\ At the date of acquisition, the fair value of the non-controlling interest was equal to its proportionate share of the book value of Somber Corporation. The total cost of your firm's billable labor hours is $20,000 and you will bill $2,500 in material costs. Somber reported net income of$25,000 and paid dividends of $6,000 for 20X9. And one in five jobs will be affected. It is the cost required to produce goods of some quantity. If goods are sold at price lower than average variable costs, then you should shut down production, since the business is unable to meet the recovery costs. In accounting terms, we divide the sum of variable costs and fixed costs by the debit of goods produced. The document used to record the time workers spend on each job and task is called a ______. To find the perbatasan cost, derive the total cost function to find C(x). Saving money is a vital part of the business. The following information was collected from the accounting records and production data for the year ending December 31, 2017. Costs assigned to units of product in absorption costing include ______ manufacturing costs. 1. direct Companies that use job-order costing make ______. ** Performed services on account of$56,000. Your key responsibilities:Your responsibilities include, but not limited to: The Global Procurement Category Head, R&D leads all strategic aspects within the category of Research and Development across divisions, on a global level and develops proposals . How to Calculate Total Manufacturing Cost \begin{array}{lrrr} Mark to market accounting | A beginners guide. Explain. The average total costs include fixed and variable costs. mean, median, mode, and midrange. Why do companies use a predetermined overhead rate rather than an actual overhead rate? **2018** Fixed Cost O c. direct labour and manutacturing overhead in a . 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the total cost of a job includes: