Or the overall dataset may be unrepresentative. In working on ASTM F2057, the ASTM F15.42 subcommittee has considered a loaded (filled) drawer requirement and test method using an assumed clothing weight of 8.5 pounds per cubic foot. Therefore, the ICM also estimates the number of injuries treated outside of hospital EDs. Start Printed Page 72637 The .gov means it's official. The total range of angles produced by this test block was 1.2 degrees to 2.3 degrees, which is within the range of angles staff previously determined simulated the Description of and Basis for the Rule, child strength studies show that children between 2 and 5 years old can achieve a mean pull force of 17.2 pounds. to produce the updated designs of one thousand CSU models. 2058(f)(2). Response: More information and documentation can be found in our The NPR proposed to require the maximum rating displayed on the scale to be 5. We will need to assess your response to inform our work as a regulator and central bank, both in the public interest and in the exercise of our official authority. If you are using public inspection listings for legal research, you CPSC also received comments on the three possible warning symbols, which expressed a preference for Variant 1. (1) If the unit is not fully assembled, assemble the unit according to the manufacturer's instructions. In addition, the assumptions of higher costs by the Office of Advocacy and others were based on increased costs for shipping and packaging, assuming that compliance with the performance standard is achieved by adding weight to the CSU, which is not required by the final rule. Application. Comment: As incident data indicates, climbing was the most common reported interaction (76 percent) in fatal CPSRMS incidents; it was the most common reported interaction (77 percent) in nonfatal NEISS incidents; and it was the second most common reported interaction (26 percent) in nonfatal CPSRMS incidents. . Some commenters stated that a stability rating hang tag may create a false sense of security in consumers, making them less likely to take added safety precautions, such as anchoring CSUs to a wall. e.g., The Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs of the European Commission conducts regular harmonised surveys for different sectors of the economies in the European Union (EU) Exemptions. In most of these incidents, children were interacting with things inside the CSU, indicating that the doors were open. For this part, both sliding and hinged doors are considered in the definition of closed storage. Record the horizontal distance from where the center of force will be applied (the center of gravity of the weights to be applied) to the fulcrum. Secretary, Consumer Product Safety Commission. Visit the U.S. Department of State Archive Websites page. Similarly, the National Institute of Standards and Technology is currently developing a framework to better manage risks to individuals, organisations and society associated with the use of AI. The maximum handhold height includes the top of the CSU, but is limited to a maximum of 4.12 feet from the ground, which is based on the overhead reach height for a 95th percentile 3-year-old male. The following factors are relevant when determining whether a product is a children's product: Id. An industry trade association commenter noted that more than 90 percent of CSUs sold in the United States are imported. e.g., This, depending on the particular requirements applied, may help: (i) consumers to understand where and when AI is used in products and services they use; (ii) firms to use the technology responsibly and manage the relevant trade-offs; and (iii) regulators to assess whether firms are using the technology in a safe and responsible manner and establishing appropriate controls and procedures to mitigate against potential risks as well as adhering to any regulatory requirements. As explained in the NPR, general-use CSUs are more heavily represented in the incident data than children's products, and children's interactions are not limited to CSUs intended for children. In that study, researchers tested the stability of 19 CSUs, using the stability tests in ASTM F2057-19 on both a hard, flat surface, and on carpeting. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. (s) Details regarding these criteria are discussed in section IX. See Tab N of the NPR briefing package. Id. which established requirements and criteria concerning testing laboratories. It is likely that hundreds of manufacturers, including importers, will have to modify potentially several thousand CSU models to comply with the rule, which will require understanding the requirements, redesigning the CSUs, and manufacturing compliant units. Cost to the Federal Government. e.g., This rule incorporates by reference ASTM F2057-19. 4.25 Certain practices may also breach the Principles or the FCA Consumer Duty, for instance where a firm did not present the way they would use customer data in a way that was clear, fair and not misleading, and used their data in ways to which they had not consented, and which was potentially to their detriment. More information on the test method can be found in 16 CFR part 1261.. As explained above, the purpose of this requirement is to ensure that the CSU is level for testing and is consistent with configuring the unit in accordance with manufacturer instructions. (2) Test procedure to determine tip-over moment of the unit. For the NPR, CPSC staff analyzed reported fatalities, reported nonfatal incidents and injuries, and calculated national estimates of injuries treated in U.S. hospital emergency departments (EDs) that were associated with CSU instability or tip overs. Because the effective date applies to the date of manufacture, items manufactured in foreign countries before the effective date that do not comply with the rule could still legally be imported and sold. 553); and must publish an NPR that contains the text of the proposed rule, alternatives the Commission considered, and a preliminary regulatory analysis. The contribution to the total moment from horizontal forces, such as the quasi-static horizonal force used to balance the child's CM in front of the extended drawer and dynamic forces, is 26 pound-feet. The researchers based the fulcrum's location on a dataset of CSU drawer extensions and heights provided by CPSC staff.[55]. Start Printed Page 72635 A manufacturer recommended that a 0.43-inch-thick test block would achieve the same purpose as the test angle in the NPR. Staff assumed the estimate corresponded to September 2021, and updated it to December 2021 using the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers. CSUs are available in a variety of designs ( Moment, or torque, is an engineering term to describe rotational force acting about a pivot point, or fulcrum. The bars, drawer, and tabletop, as well as the floor in front of the test fixture, had force measurement instrumentation that recorded forces over time in the horizontal (fore-aft, x) and vertical (z) directions. Test Method 1 must be used for CSUs with drawers or pull-out shelves that extend at least 6 inches from the fulcrum. The identification mark or label text shall not be less than 0.1 in. (c) Although reporting is considered incomplete for fatalities occurring in 2020 and later years, CPSC is already aware of one CSU tip-over fatality with no television involved to a child in 2020, and five child fatalities with no television involved in 2021. This provision is appropriate because the test is intended to address the stability of the product, not the strength of the product. Delays in meeting the effective date could result in disruptions to the supply chain, or fewer choices being available to consumers, at least in the short term. The contractor developed 10 new symbols for the project, including one showing the CSU tip-over hazard and one showing the CSU tip-over hazard with a tip restraint; the remaining 10 symbols already existed. UMTRI researchers configured the test fixtures based on each child's anthropometric measurements. London: Taylor & Francis (1986). However, AI can pose novel challenges, as well as create new regulatory risks, or amplify existing ones. As discussed, incident data also indicates that fatal and nonfatal tip-over incidents involved wardrobes and armoires, which include doors. Butturini, R., Massale, J., Midgett, J., Snyder, S. Preliminary Evaluation of Anchoring Furniture and Televisions without Tools, Technical Report CPSC/EXHR/TR15/001 (2015), available at: Biased or discriminatory decisions can arise from bias in the underlying data on which the AI model is trained. Therefore, the following sections highlight some of the potential AI benefits and risks as they relate to the supervisory authorities objectives and remits. Based on this, children between 2 and 5 years old can achieve a mean pull force of 17.2 pounds. One factor was whether multiple drawers were open simultaneously. The purpose of the final rule is to reduce the risks of death and serious injury from CSU tip overs. furniture stability. For this final rule, staff updated this analysis to include incident information that CPSC received after staff prepared the NPR briefing package. 4.13 The subsections below outline at a high level how some of the Principles and the FCAs rules and guidance may be relevant to the AI risks to consumer protection discussed in Chapter 3. For example, the International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO) guidance on the use of AI by market intermediaries and asset managers states the IOSCO members and firms should consider proportionality when implementing measures. Of the 95 fatal CPSRMS incidents involving children and only CSUs, 56 provided information about whether the CSU drawers contained items at the time of the tip over. One CSU did not tip over when the maximum 134-pound test weight was applied. The average hourly wage rate for a mid-level salaried GS-12 employee in the Washington, DC metropolitan area (effective as of January 2022) is $48.78 (GS-12, step 5). In one incident, the unit tipped over, resulting in an unspecified head injury for which the child was treated and released, suggesting the injury was likely not serious. e.g., However, they also noted that they had products that could be used as CSUs in other rooms to store non-clothing and had changed the location and use of products over time, moving them between rooms and storing clothing or other items in them, depending on location. To calculate total annual costs, CPSC staff assumed equal share among the five representative models for the 17.68 million CSUs estimated to be produced in the first year of rule. To allow consumers to identify exactly what product the label describes, the hang tag requires the manufacturer's name and the model number of the unit. Moreover, ASTM has worked on updating its standard for several years and has not succeeded in doing so. documents in the last year, 269 Public policy. (v) [16][17], Voters may retrieve registration applications at the following locations:[16], A registration form is also available online. Im moving. The cost of extending the feet or the front edge of the CSU forward can be very low. The NPR explained that the warning text in the proposed regulation must be used for the warning label, except for specified modifications regarding televisions and interlocks, which varied depending on the CSU. In addition, although the standard includes a stability test with filled drawers, the multiple open drawer test does not include filled drawers, and the simultaneous conditions of multiple open and filled drawers during a child interaction are not tested. Although most drawers in CSUs are rigid, solid, and enclosed, some units have drawers with flexible sides ( [39] documents in the last year, by the Rural Housing Service Regulation within this area is more general, requiring firms to have strong data architecture and risk management infrastructure. 4.25 pounds per cubic foot or half that of drawers) if consumers are less likely to fill the open area of a pull-out shelf because it is less contained than a drawer. To clarify and simplify the meaning of this requirement, the final rule states to open all hinged doors that open outward or downward to the least stable configuration, which is typically 90 degrees. Autopsies from CSU tip-over fatalities to children reported crushing injuries to the skull and regions of the eye and nose. A Look Back: Major blackout hits New York City on July 13, 1977 On July 13, 1977, 45 years ago Wednesday, a major blackout hit New York City. The top handle varied from 7.4 to 47.3 inches above the bottom handle. Drivers of data risk can include: errors in the training data, incomplete or unrepresentative data, significant outliers or noise, historical data biases, insufficient data, and more. 1.7 The AIPPF published its final report in February 2022. Figure 23 in Tab D of the NPR briefing package (also Figure 51 in Tab R) shows the maximum moments versus the Phase I of the study focused on CSUs with a single column of drawers and drawers of the same size. (a) A proposed amendment to or revision of this constitution, or any part of it, shall be submitted to the electors at the next general election held more than ninety days after the joint resolution or report of a revision commission, constitutional convention or the taxation and budget reform commission proposing it is filed with the custodian of state records, unless, pursuant to law enacted by the affirmative vote of three-fourths of the membership of each house of the legislature and limited to a single amendment or revision, it is submitted at an earlier special election held more than ninety days after such filing. e.g., The final rule requires that the warning label be legible and attached after it is tested using the methods in section 7.3 of ASTM F2057-19. Figure 3 to paragraph (j)Functional volume of extendable element. However, ASTM has not updated the standard. Because CPSC estimates the annual effect of this rule to be $100,000,000 or more, OIRA determined that this is a major rule. Staff used a CSU with a range of drawer sizes to assess small, medium, and large drawers; the functional drawer volume of these 3 drawer sizes was 0.76 cubic feet, 1.71 cubic feet, and 2.39 cubic feet, respectively. Likewise, a downward force on an open CSU door or extendable element creates a moment about the fulcrum (front leg) of the CSU. There were an estimated 2,600 injuries to 5-year-olds that involved only a CSU, and an estimated 1,900 injuries to 6-year-olds that involved only a CSU, but data were insufficient to support reliable statistical estimates for incidents involving CSUs and televisions for these ages. (5) The mark or label must be at least 2-inches wide by 1-inch tall, which is consistent with the required content and format, and ensures that the label is not too narrow or short. Figure 2 to paragraph (h)The extendable element extension from fulcrum distance, illustrated by the letter X. As noted in the NPR, CPSC also has some concerns with the effectiveness of the content in the warning labels required in ASTM F2057-19. The briefing package supporting the NPR is available at: To help us in this aim, we are inviting responses to the questions listed in Chapter 5. Test Method 1 requires that weight be placed on the unit's extendable element face until the unit tips over; that weight is multiplied by the distance it is applied from the fulcrum to determine the tip-over moment. Of these firms, 1,992 were primarily categorized in the non-upholstered wood furniture category. The Consumer Principle requires firms to play a greater and more positive role in delivering good outcomes for retail customers, including those who are not clients of the firm. In doing so, we will not publish your name or contact details or any information which may personally identify you. The purpose of this requirement in the NPR was that, if the interlock does not function as intended or cannot withstand the real-world use conditions in the test, it should not be used during stability testing because it cannot be relied on to provide added stability for the CSU during real-world use. However, to make this clear, the final rule includes the term mark, in addition to label, to signal the availability of marking applied directly to the product for meeting the requirement. It is possible that the fulcrum position may shift forward as a CSU tilts or pivots forward during the test. 2.3 The PRA has two primary objectives: (i) a general objective to promote the safety and soundness of PRA-authorised firms; and (ii) an objective specific to insurance firms, to contribute to securing an appropriate degree of protection for those who are or who may become policyholders. Description of and Basis for the Rule to explain revisions made to the rule in response to the comments. In the study from which staff drew these values, participants were asked to exert their maximum strength at all times, described as the highest force they could exert without causing injury. Those regulations list CPSC actions that normally have little or no potential for affecting the human environment, and therefore, fall within a categorical exclusion under the National Environmental Policy Act (42 U.S.C. However, the AIPPF highlighted that the split in responsibilities is an area of uncertainty for firms and that more guidance on governance functions, roles, and responsibilities would help provide clarity. Vital Health Stat 3(46). AI offers potential benefits for consumers, businesses, and markets. that the rule imposes the least burdensome requirement that prevents or adequately reduces the risk of injury. As discussed above and in the NPR, CPSC contracted a focus group study to evaluate comprehension of potential variants to the symbol proposed for the warning label in the NPR. That study found that one of the variants performed better in comprehension than the alternatives under consideration; that variant is required in the final rule. In 2019, CPSC contracted a study to evaluate a set of 20 graphical safety symbols for comprehension, in an effort to develop a family of graphical symbols that can be used in multiple standards to communicate safety-related information to diverse audiences. If so, what should the definition be? space under legs). 1.21 Therefore, the supervisory authorities would encourage all relevant stakeholders to respond to this DP and engage in the discussion. campaign found that 55 percent of respondents (which included parents and caregivers of children 5 years old and younger) reported anchoring furniture. The use of Test Method 1 for units with extendable elements that extend at least 6 inches from the fulcrum is consistent with the NPR because it still applies to CSUs with extendable elements. Several comments suggested expanding the scope of the rule to include CSUs that are 24 inches or taller, instead of 27 inches or taller, and one commenter suggested a height limit of 12.1 inches, based on child heights. Response: Side 2 content. The proposed rule included numerous requirements for drawers and pull-out shelves and those terms are both defined in the rule. Most notably, UK data protection legislation applies standards for data privacy and security in respect of personal data. columns: 1; New Documents Start Printed Page 72620 Free-body diagram of a child climbing a CSU. As such, this test does not reflect the added factors of open and filled drawers, even though consumers are likely to open drawers and fill CSUs with clothing; and it does not reflect dynamic forces generated by interactions. 3.25 For an outcomes-based approach to AI, the following question arises: what are the most relevant metrics to measure impact, including what evidence is required to demonstrate good outcomes and how such evidence can be collected? assisting consumers in evaluating the comparative safety of consumer products. Because the fill level, as well as the stability of a CSU, depends on how many doors and extendable elements can open, the standard also includes a requirement that any interlock system must withstand a 30-pound horizontal pull force. Other small manufacturers and importers reported similar estimates of the impacts of the proposed rule, stating that the costs will increase approximately 30-40 percent. Updated Oct. 26, 2022 Espaol | Other Languages. documents in the last year, 860 per CSU. Leveling. Those forces can be used to model children climbing because ascent is the first and integral step to climbing, but not all climbing interactions can be modeled with ascent, as forces associated with some other behaviors can exceed those for ascent. It is measured in pound-feet, representing a force multiplied by a lever arm, or distance from the force to the point of rotation. Ascend: Based on the subsequent findings of that study, discussed earlier in this preamble, surpassed the ASTM symbol and Variant 2 in comprehension testing. CPSC received comments regarding the rates of CSU tip-over incidents. Based on the Normalized Moment for Ascend shown in the bottom graph of Figure 23 in Tab D of the NPR briefing package, CPSC staff estimated the Ascend line with the following equation 1: Equation 1. For units 4.12 feet or taller, this is 4.12 feet. Firms also need to consider their obligations under The Money Laundering, Terrorist Financing and Transfer of Funds (Information on the Payer) Regulations 2017. This should eliminate potential confusion about what space to use to determine center. This is consistent with the direction in the NPR and the general approach of determining the volume of the storage space of an extendable element using the bottom surface of it. CPSC received several comments that allowing levelling devices to be adjusted for a carpeted surface would allow CSUs to be tested in a more stable position, although consumers may not make these levelling adjustments at home. The contractor (EurekaFacts) developed recommendations regarding the content, format, size, style, and rating scale, based on consumer feedback during this work. Shopping for Safety: Providing Consumer Automotive Safety InformationSpecial Report 248. 4.29 In addition to its primary objectives, the PRA also has a secondary competition objective to facilitate effective competition in the markets for services provided by PRA-authorised persons in carrying on regulated activities. Based on the estimated retail sales revenue of $6.99 billion in 2021, and the average estimated CSU price of approximately $338, CPSC estimated that there were approximately 20.64 million units sold in 2021. on State and local courts | e.g., The final rule includes provisions regarding the scope of the standard and definitions of terms in the standard. In certain contexts human involvement can be a regulatory requirement, for instance under the UK GDPR, automated decisions are treated differently to human decisions. According to data from the U.S. Census Bureau, in 2019, there were a total of 3,303 firms classified in these four furniture categories. EN 14749:2016 is a mandatory standard and applies to all CEN members. Drawer extension data provided by CPSC staff to UMTRI researchers was measured from the extended drawer to the front of the CSU, and did not account for how the fulcrum position will vary with foot geometry and position. Therefore, the economic burden of the online hang tags is only the cost of adding a picture per model to the manufacturer website, and the virtual space required to post the hang tags. These recalls involved 38 firms and affected approximately 21,530,000 CSUs. headings within the legal text of Federal Register documents. Additionally, the rule exempts from its scope two products that generally would meet the definition of a CSUclothes lockers and portable storage closets. Extendable elements. To clarify the meaning of this provision, the final rule states that the door is to be in the least stable configuration, which is typically 90 degrees. The Florida Constitution Revision Commission (CRC) convened most recently in 2017-2018. As such, the time of original purchase includes online sales and consumers buying online would only see the comparative safety information provided on the hang tag if it is provided in these online sales interfaces as well. CPSC received a comment on the NPR requesting clarification of how to classify certain spaces within or around a furniture piece for purposes of determining open storage and open space. To address this comment for open storage, the final rule replaces storage space enclosed on at least 5 sides by a frame or panel(s) and/or behind a non-opaque door with space within the frame of the furniture that is open ( 2058. Q5: Are there any novel challenges specific to the use of AI within financial services that are not covered in this DP? CPSC staff worked closely with ASTM to update ASTM F2057-19, and ASTM has balloted revisions to the standard. It is implicit in stability testing requirements that the unit should not be secured from tipping over during testing, as that would defeat the purpose of the testing. 45. (c) Each constitution revision commission shall convene at the call of its chair, adopt its rules of procedure, examine the constitution of the state, hold public hearings, and, not later than one hundred eighty days prior to the next general election, file with the custodian of state records its proposal, if any, of a revision of this constitution or any part of it. 51. It is unlikely, given that large suppliers apparently plan to raise prices to cover the cost of compliance, that small suppliers would not be able to pass any of the cost of regulatory compliance on to retail customers, as is implied by the Office of Advocacy's comments. Specifically, the fulcrum definition is revised to indicate that the fulcrum position is determined while the CSU is on a hard, level, flat test surface with all doors and extendable elements closed. As such, the Commission did not select this alternative. Find out about the current National Patient Safety Goals (NPSGs) for specific programs. effect of carpet, which was 0.8 degrees to 3.0 degrees. Of these 30 2.16 Model Whereas traditional financial models are usually rules-based with explicit fixed parameterisation, AI models are able to learn the rules and alter model parameterisation iteratively. Firms designing products or services will need to define a target market and ensure the product or service meets the needs, characteristics and objectives of the target market. The ICO has explained that the human input needs to be meaningful, and a decision does not fall outside Article 22 just because a human has rubber-stamped it. 1200.2(d)(1). Staff found that the tip weight of CSUs on carpet corresponded with tilting the CSUs forward 0.8 to 3 degrees, depending on the CSU, with the mean tilt angle that corresponded to the CSU tip weights on carpet being 1.48 degrees. The extent to which poor model performance leads to poor outcomes can depend on the degree of autonomy of a model. columns: 2; Most CSUs are made of rigid and solid materials because these features are generally necessary to enable the unit to stand upright and hold extension elements. 4.11 In addition, the Consumer Duty has rules relating to four key elements of the firm/consumer relationship which are instrumental in helping to drive good outcomes for customers: 4.12 The FCA also has the power to enforce the consumer protection requirements in the Consumer Protection from Unfair Trading Regulations 2008 (CPUTRs). One commenter noted that, although they support the variant, they are concerned about the type of anti-tip device shown in the symbol. i.e., In June 2015, the Commission launched the Anchor It! Register, and does not replace the official print version or the official For all 1,221 combinations, the median tip weight difference was 7 pounds, but for individual units, the median ranged from 2 to 16 pounds. CPSC staff calculates that CSUs that meet a requirement based on the climbing force generated by a 51.2-pound child and that considers the effects of all doors and extendable elements open and extendable elements filled, plus the effect of carpet on stability, likely will protect 95 percent of 3-year-old children and virtually all younger children. General requirement. More information about FCA market studies can be found in FG 15/9: Market studies and market investigation references: A guide to the FCAs powers and procedures. Where weight was not reported, staff used the most recent Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Anthropometric Reference to estimate the weight of the children. London: Taylor & Francis. As a result, children are likely to know how to open drawers of a CSU, and are likely to be aware of their contents, which may motivate them to interact with the CSU. 3. Download the Review Process Guide below to learn more. However, incident data indicates that for CSU tip-over incidents with a reported drawer fill, most involve partially or fully filled drawers (95 percent of fatal CPSRMS incidents and 90 percent of nonfatal CPSRMS incidents with reported drawer fill), and this use is expected because CSUs are intended to store clothing. In the other incident, the unit caused a laceration to the right eye, which also resulted in the child being treated and released. [2] The CRC refers constitutional amendments directly to the ballot for a public vote, which makes the commission unique amongst the states. Although these anecdotal data do not provide for statistical analyses, they provide detailed information to identify hazard patterns, and provide a minimum count of injuries and deaths. In 2022, after considering comments received on the ANPR and extensive additional testing and analysis, the Commission issued a notice of proposed rulemaking (NPR), proposing to establish requirements regarding CSU stability. However, to demonstrate which products may meet the definition of a CSU, the standard provides names of common CSU products, including chests, bureaus, dressers, armoires, wardrobes, chests of drawers, drawer chests, chifforobes, and door chests. The maximum folded clothing fill density ranged from 9.40 to 10.16 pounds per cubic foot, depending on the drawer. See figure 1 to this paragraph (b)(8)(i). when empty, are included in this definition. Data may reflect historical biases in society, for instance where certain groups have been less able to access credit. Because the comment suggests some potential for misunderstanding this, the final rule rewords the definition to make it clear that maximum handhold height means the highest position at which a child may grab hold of the CSU, measured while the CSU is on a hard, level, and flat test surface. 4.30 Data are a crucial element of AI. Latest breaking news from New York City. Comment: The plaintiffs wanted the court to order the secretary of state to justify why the measures are allowed to be on the ballot or remove them from the ballot.[8]. The maximum unfolded clothing fill weight was 6.52, 14.64, and 21.20 pounds for the three drawer sizes, respectively; and the maximum folded clothing fill weight was 7.72, 16.08, and 22.88 pounds for the three drawer sizes, respectively. Clothes locker The rule uses the warning format in ASTM F2057-19, which is consistent with ANSI Z535.4. The warning label shall be legible and attached after it is tested using the methods specified in Section 7.3 of ASTM F2057-19, Standard Safety Specification for Clothing Storage Units (incorporated by reference, see paragraph (c) of this section). Maximum handhold height. These requirements are consistent with those for online EnergyGuide labels as well as the European Union's online energy label requirements.[121]. This unit is 1.5 times more stable than the minimum required). Comment: 2063(a)(3)(A). Whether a product is a clothing storage unit depends on whether it meets this definition. CPSC staff applied a 5-pound threshold in applying additional cost for added weight. The horizontal components at the hands and feet are also in opposite directions: the horizontal foot forces are forward (toward the test fixture), while the hand forces are rearward (toward the child). 15 U.S.C. CPSC did not receive any comments regarding the information collection burden in the NPR through OMB. Find evidence-based sources on preventing infections in clinical settings. The warning label includes warnings about the hazard, television use (where appropriate for the product), and placing heavier items in lower drawers, but does not include a statement to not open multiple drawers because a majority of focus group participants said that they and their children open multiple drawers simultaneously. As Table 1 indicates, the lightest weight CSU involved in a fatal incident was 34 pounds. 57. Extendable element Of these 78 incidents, 70 (90 percent) involved partially filled or full drawers. In addition to the definitions given in section 3 of the Consumer Product Safety Act (15 U.S.C. The Data Protection and Digital Information Bill includes a provision on AI and processing special category data for the purposes of monitoring AI bias. females. The FKGL for the ballot summary is grade level 22, and the FRE is 5. UMTRI researchers defined the horizontal As part of CPSC's development of a similar requirement for recreational off-highway vehicles (ROVs), CPSC issued a contract for cognitive interviews and focus group evaluation to refine the proposed ROV hang tag. However, as discussed below, the Commission concludes that none of these alternatives would adequately reduce the risk of injury. The statute defines stockpiling as manufacturing or importing a product between the date a rule is promulgated and its effective date at a rate that is significantly greater than the rate at which the product was produced or imported during a base period ending before the date the rule was promulgated. Calculate the tip-over moment of the unit by multiplying the tip-over force (pounds) by the horizontal distance from the center of the force application to the fulcrum (feet). As the drawer is pulled out farther from the fulcrum, vertical forces have a greater impact on the total moment contribution. In addition, based on comments provided on the NPR, the final rule adds an additional statement to the front of the hang tag (stating This unit is X times more stable than the minimum required, with the stability rating being inserted for X) to make a brief explanation of the technical information more quickly visible and understandable to consumers. 3.22 Similarly, the use of AI by individual firms and within financial markets may amplify many of the existing risks to financial stability through various transmission channels (see Figure 2). The UK government published the July 2022 policy paper which set out its emerging thinking on its approach to regulating AI. Overall, the mean reported children's weight for CPSRMS incidents was 34.7 pounds and the median was 32.0 pounds; the mean estimated children's weight was 38.7 pounds and the median was 32.8 pounds. UMTRI researchers assumed that the fulcrum was aligned with the front of the CSU to simplify their analysis. The standard also includes a performance requirement and test method for label permanence, which are consistent with requirements in other ASTM juvenile furniture product standards. If so, what are they and which approaches are most suitable for UK financial services? Engagement between the public and private sectors will facilitate the creation of a regulatory framework that enables innovation and mitigates potential risks. 2.5 Effective regulation relies on consent, trust, and confidence from the public, including consumers and regulated firms, and ensures that powers are used consistently, transparently, and proportionately. (pound-feet) > 51.2 (1.08X + 0.52), where X is the horizontal distance (in feet) from the front of the extended drawer to the fulcrum. bouncing, jumping), or to address interactions from older/heavier children. (v) The statementDeaths and serious crushing injuries have occurred from furniture tipping over onto people., (vi) The statementTo reduce tip-over incidents, the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) requires that clothing storage units, such as dressers, chests, bureaus, and armoires, resist certain tip-over forces. This is because consumers reported using CSUs to protect clothing, whereas they perceive glass doors as typically used to display items, making them unlikely to be used as CSUs. Nesteruk, H.E.J. (8) Open all extendable elements that are not locked by an interlock to the maximum extension, in the configuration most likely to cause tip over (typically the configuration with the largest drawers in the highest position open). Receiving The Gold Seal of Approval from The Joint Commission means youve met or exceeded the most comprehensive evaluation process in the health care industry. This was included in the NPR so that Test Method 1 could be completed even if the force applied to the drawer face resulted in the drawers breaking, but ensured that such modifications would not improve stability. 4.17 Prior to the Consumer Duty, the FCA had published its Vulnerable Customer Guidance , which sets out what firms should do to comply with their obligations under the Principles and ensure they treat vulnerable customers fairly (including under Principle 6). As described in this preamble and the NPR, there are several factors that are commonly involved in CSU tip-over incidents that contribute to the instability of CSUs, and a number of these factors often occur simultaneously. [142] The format, font, font size, and color requirements incorporate by reference the provisions in ASTM F2057-19. e.g., IOC Session 20 May 2022. The prevalence of children climbing during CSU tip overs is consistent with the expected motor development of children. Mtip The difference between the maximum folded clothing fill weight and the calculated clothing weight ranged from 1.28 to 2.55 pounds. must be tested. The final rule establishes a mandatory standard that all CSUs must meet to be sold in the United States. This will ensure CSUs are tested for inherent stability. 15 U.S.C. Start Printed Page 72633 Beijing 2022 success shared with IOC Session as Paris 2024 and Milano Cortina 2026 advance preparations . Mechanism of injury. In addition, these features may make the product more appealing to children as a play item. 33. Therefore, combined, there were an estimated 103,100 nonfatal, medically attended tip-over injuries to children from clothing storage units during the years 2007 through 2021. In 2016, CPSC staff prepared a briefing package on furniture tip overs, looking at then-current levels of compliance with the voluntary standards, and the adequacy of the voluntary standards. 4.33 Data architecture and infrastructure refers to the system, standards, and policies in which data are stored, arranged, and integrated. The questions fall under three main categories: 1.1 The Bank and the FCA established the AI Public-Private Forum (AIPPF) to further dialogue on AI innovation and safe adoption within financial services. www.regulations.gov. CPSC estimates that more than 95 percent of respondents that will have to comply with the information collection requirements are small firms. The court ruled that the measure's ballot language was misleading and the measure was kept off the ballot. Every hang tag shall be attached to the CSU and clearly visible. homes. the shortest internal length, Every hang tag shall be attached to the clothing storage unit and be clearly visible to a person standing in front of the unit. The commenter also suggested that, if included in the rule, the fill weight for pull-out shelves should be reduced to 4.25 pounds per cubic feet, representing half of the 8.5 pounds used for a drawer's fill weight. The least expensive units retail for less than $100, while more expensive units may retail for several thousand dollars. 2.11 The Bank and FCA previously defined AI in non-legal terms as the theory and development of computer systems able to perform tasks which previously required human intelligence. i.e., For units shorter than 4.12 feet, this is the top of the CSU. deployment: how should the performance of live AI systems be monitored? Available at: For this reason, one element of the definition of CSUs is that they are reasonably expected to be used for storing clothing. part, based on consumer perceptions, as indicated during the CSU use study focus group[92] Some videos also show multiple children climbing a CSU or in a drawer simultaneously. The back of the hang tag includes a technical explanation of the graph and rating to explain how to interpret and use the graphic and number. As with the previous chapter, the section headings relate to the supervisory authorities objectives and remits. 4.39 Effective governance provides support and structure to MRM activity through policies which define relevant risk management activities, procedures that implement those policies and the allocation of resources, and mechanisms for testing that policies and procedures are being carried out as specified. CPSRMS is the epidemiological database that houses all anecdotal reports of incidents received by CPSC, external cause-based death certificates purchased by CPSC, all in-depth investigations (IDI) of these anecdotal reports, as well as investigations of select NEISS injuries. 3.10 There is a risk that the use of AI could be associated with discriminatory decisions. 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