Vopr Pitan. 7 Ways How Selenium Can Benefit Your Thyroid 1.Adequate selenium levels can protect against autoimmune thyroid disease and goiter development in adults. Effects of selenium supplementation for cancer prevention in patients with carcinoma of the skin. The effect of selenium on the expression of Fas/FasL in experimental autoimmune thyroiditis rats thyroid with adequate iodine. A selenium deficiency coupled with an iodine deficiency is likely to lead to thyroid imbalance. According to the review, in healthy people, selenium doesn't have much effect on thyroid function. I will restart Biotin. Selenium is crucial for normal thyroid function. Interestingly, serum selenium decreased slightly (5%) during this period. "Selenium is well-known to protect the thyroid," said study author . Limbic Perfusion Is Reduced in Patients with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS). Selenium supplementation fails to correct the selenoprotein synthesis defect in subjects with SBP2 gene mutations. American Thyroid Association, Iodine Deficiency. Stefanowicz FA, Talwar D, OReilly DS, Dickinson N, Atkinson J, Hursthouse AS, et al. Selenium is especially important if you have an autoimmune thyroid disease such as Hashimoto's or Grave's Disease. Mutations in SECISBP2 result in abnormal thyroid hormone metabolism. 2011;72(2):10813. Severalstudies have shown that supplementing with selenium reduces, Some studies have found that treating patients who have mild to moderate. [1] Dehina N, Hofmann PJ, Behrends T, et al. Di Cosmo C, McLellan N, Liao XH, et al. Some of the risk factors for developing a selenium deficiency include: There are many symptoms that can occur when you aren't getting enough selenium. Selenium deficiency is known to cause problems for many systems of the body including the cardiovascular system, the immune system and the endocrine system. Wichman J, Winther KH, Bonnema SJ, Hegedus L. Selenium supplementation significantly reduces thyroid autoantibody levels in patients with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Invest. Best of luck. In fact, thyroid tissue contains a higher amount of selenium than any other organ in the human body ( 21 ). Biochimie. . Thank you for the nice comments, Greg. https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2012.0548. Your hair is falling out at an alarming rate Everyone loses a certain amount of hair each day, but it's usually not enough to clog the shower drain. Additionally, selenium is also essential for the conversion of T4 to T3, as deiodinase enzymes (those enzymes that remove iodine atoms from T4 during conversion) are selenium-dependent. Healthyhormones.us does not intend to provide medical advice. In: Luster, M., Duntas, L., Wartofsky, L. (eds) The Thyroid and Its Diseases. CAS 2007;92(4):12638. The reverse is also true. 2012;215(2):189206. While the odds of a deficiency are pretty low for most, there are some people for whom the risk is greater. . Having a deficiency of selenium does not in itself cause illness. So if you think you have a selenium deficiency, what should you do about it? It also can cause your nails to get brittle and crack easily. Thyroid. What to Know About Selenium and Your Thyroid. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal https://doi.org/10.1111/cen.12185. It's also added to foods to fortify them and can be taken as a dietary supplement. Typical selenium deficiency symptoms therefore include: disturbed thyroid function male fertility problems susceptibility to infection weight loss constipation headache memory disorders sleep disorders Selenium, the thyroid, and the endocrine system. For instance, I am personally allergic to brazil nuts and I don't have a big fondness for fish (unfortunately). Selenium is a micronutrient, meaning only small amounts are needed. Duncan A, Talwar D, McMillan DC, et al. . Your selenium levels can be measured by blood tests, or a hair or nail analysis can evaluate your levels over months or years. Selenium is responsible for the properly recycling of iodine in the body, so a person with too little selenium as well as too little iodine is much more likely to develop a significant thyroid imbalance. Without a doubt, it is always safest to use food to increase nutrient levels in our body. This is the transport form of thyroid and is mostly inactive. 2022 Nov;78(2):219-240. doi: 10.1007/s12020-022-03107-7. Regulation of thyroid oxidative state by thioredoxin reductase has a crucial role in thyroid responses to iodide excess. J Thyroid Res. Multiple nutritional factors and the risk of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis. Eur J Endocrinol. Moravej H, Rakhshandehroo S, Ilkhanipoor H, Amirhakimi A, Rostami K, Yazdani N, Moghtaderi M, Mazlumi-Abrazgah S. Int J Prev Med. One study even showed a possible increased risk of prostate cancer in patients with excessive selenium. 2. 2005;26(7):94484. Selenium in cancer prevention: a review of the evidence and mechanism of action. Selenium deficiency is associated with hypothyroidism, Hashimoto's, an enlarged . Effects of selenium on short-term control of hyperthyroidism due to Graves disease treated with methimazole: results of a randomized clinical trial. Rotondo Dottore G, Leo M, Casini G, et al. Clin Endocrinol. Kishosha PA, Galukande M, Gakwaya AM. Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient present in human diet, entering in the composition of selenoproteins as selenocysteine (Se-Cys) amino acid. Fairweather-Tait SJ, Bao Y, Broadley MR, Collings R, Ford D, Hesketh JE, et al. Gladyshev VN, Arnr ES, Berry MJ, et al. According to a review published in the Thyroid journal, it can decrease circulating thyroid autoantibodies in patients. Italian survey about the clinical use of selenium in thyroid disease. Chemosphere. Several associations have been established between an individual's selenium status and HPT hormone levels. This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI43653. Selenium is also necessary for the conversion of the thyroid hormone thyroxine (T4) into its more active counterpart triiodothyronine (T3), [3] and as such a deficiency can cause symptoms of hypothyroidism, including extreme fatigue, mental slowing, goiter, cretinism, and recurrent miscarriage. Variations in plasma Se are due to nutritional habits, geographic and ethnic differences, and probably to genetic polymorphisms . HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Selenium-dependent enzymes also have several modifying effects on the immune system. Selenium is required for the proper function of some proteins in our body called selenoproteins. 2013;23(9):107986. The .gov means its official. Many of the symptoms are therefore the same as those of an underactive thyroid:10,11 hair loss or changes to hair and nails fatigue brain fog , difficulty concentrating or memory problems Diagnostics. Correspondence to Its deficiency can lead to a number of debilitating symptoms. Let's discuss some of the big ones below: Selenium deficiency is common in patients that have chronic digestive issues such as Crohn's disease, Celiac disease, etc. Langenbecks Arch Surg. A selenium deficiency is associated with a variety of thyroid issues, including:. 2010;62(1):6673. Selenium supplementation in the treatment of Hashimotos thyroiditis: a systematic review and a meta-analysis. CAS Meanwhile, your hypothyroid symptoms continue to worsen because you are low in active thyroid hormone. Eur J Endocrinol. 1999 May;81(5):527-33. doi: 10.1016/s0300-9084(99)80105-9. If this is the right fix, will my hair grow back? Thyroid. the effect of selenium (Se) supplementation on thyroid hormone metabolism in humans has only been reported in the very peculiar nutritional environment of Central Africa, where combined severe . 2016;26(12):168192. Google Scholar. Grtner R, Gasnier BC, Dietrich JW, et al. (2019). Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. A 2016 study analyzed the impact of selenium supplementation on the thyroid antibody levels of people with Hashimotos thyroiditis. Bacic-Vrca V, Skreb F, Cepelak I, et al. Duntas LH. 27, 33 The roles of zinc, vitamin D, and vitamin A in thyroid function are beyond the scope of this review, but the complex . https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-010-8245-8. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. Results: The risk of thyroid disease was 69% higher for those living in the low-selenium county than for those in the adequate-selenium county. One clear pattern on you thyroid labs that can indicate selenium deficiency is a high or high/normal Free T4 but low or low/normal Free T3 with a . 2003;23:1740. What is selenium deficiency? Rasmussen LB, Schomburg L, Khrle J, et al. In other words, having an optimal selenium level helps to ensure that our immune system is working at its maximal level. She is the author of "The Thyroid Diet Revolution.". Selenium acts as a "thyroid antioxidant" and is vital for the production of thyroid hormone and it is involved in the conversion of T4 (least active thyroid hormone) to T3 (most active form). Selenium is needed for the proper function of the deiodinase enzymes which perform the conversion process. Kanamori T, Suzuki M, Kaneko Y, Yamada K, Kubo H, Uchiyama M. Ann Gen Psychiatry. As I discussed earlier, selenium is important for the conversion of T4 to T3. 2021 Dec 29;11(1):108-121. doi: 10.1093/toxres/tfab122. Selenium is a crucial nutrient for everyone's health. 2012;97:33442. Why is My T4 Low (and What Can I Do About It)? 2021 Nov 1;7(4):675-687. doi: 10.3390/tomography7040056. That's why it is critical that you find a doctor that will check a complete thyroid panel and will listen to you and your symptoms, and not solely depend on lab results to manage your thyroid problem. CrossRef Mary Shomon is a writer and hormonal health and thyroid advocate. Santos LR, Duraes C, Mendes A, Prazeres H, Alvelos MI, Moreira CS, et al. 2016;291(46):2403640. According to the National Institutes of Health, a healthy blood level of selenium is 8 micrograms (mcg)/dL or higher. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. Other foods with good selenium content include: It's always best to start with natural food sources such as these. Dr. Danielle Weiss is double board-certified in internal medicine and endocrinology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beem.2014.02.005. At the thyroid level, these proteins play an important role as antioxidant and in hormone metabolism. I eat all the food you listed except Brazil nuts. If you suffer from unexplained hair loss or brittle nails, you should consider getting a further workup. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1559631. Role of Selenium Deficiency in Pediatrics with Acquired Hypothyroidism. Part of Springer Nature. In case of selenium deficiency, the excessive amounts of Hydrogen peroxide generated led to immoderate production of T4 and damage of thyroid cells. I prefer selenomethionine because of it's high bioavailability. PubMed Central Genetic and non-iodine-related factors in the aetiology of nodular goitre. Horm Metab Res. Muscle weakness. Selenium works together with iodine to activate three different selenium-dependent iodothyronine deiodinases, which can then activate or deactivate thyroid hormones. There is a lab test to measure the selenium level in the body, specifically in the red blood cells. 2015;100(11):4037717. When using supplements, it is always critical to use a good quality supplement from a respected company that uses quality control standards when making their products. Keshteli AH, Hashemipour M, Siavash M, Amini M. Selenium deficiency as a possible contributor of goiter in schoolchildren of Isfahan, Iran. Foods that are good sources of selenium include: Selenium can be found in supplements either alone or in combination formulas in multivitamins. Your body doesn't make selenium, so the only way you can get it is through food and/or supplements. I really like them but are hard to get. Rayman MP. Along with other inputs like iodine and iron, selenium plays a key role in synthesizing the thyroid hormones that regulate your metabolism. A number of research studies have shown key relationships between selenium supplementation and thyroid and immune function. How long does it take for selenium to help thyroid? A severe selenium deficiency is characterized by cardiomyopathy, while a moderate deficiency usually results in symptoms such as muscular weakness and pain (7), along with dry skin (8). official website and that any information you provide is encrypted The thyroid gland is among the human tissues with the highest Se content per mass unit similar to other endocrine organs and the brain. Se deficiency has been associated with a variety of thyroid diseases, including myxoedematous cretinism, goitre, thyroid autoimmune disease and cancer. https://doi.org/10.1080/01635580903191569. The Institute of Medicine recommends adults consume 150 micrograms of iodine per day. Khrle J, Grtner R. Selenium and thyroid. I took that for years with no help. Safe range of iodine intake levels: a comparative study of thyroid diseases in three women population cohorts with slightly different iodine intake levels. I ask you to read each each post carefully. MeSH 2007;76(3):35-39. When it is healthy, it produces the hormones that regulate many bodily functions: the body's metabolism rate. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Google Scholar. Trimester-specific reference ranges for thyroid hormones in Iranian pregnant women. Selenium and thyroid function in infants, children and adolescents. 2011;8(3):16071. Accessed 12 Apr 2016. A more pronounced selenium deficiency affects the thyroid and the immune system, for example, but also other areas and functions of the body. In one group of patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis with mild selenium deficiency, supplementation with 200mcg of selenium per day over the course of 3 months improved the patients' mood and quality of life. J Natl Cancer Inst. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Low population selenium status is associated with increased prevalence of thyroid disease. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. Lack of association between selenium status and disease severity and activity in patients with Graves Ophthalmopathy. 2013;10(13):1153. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-1153. Driscoll DM, Copeland PR. 2005;37:123441. The essential nutrient selenium (Se), which is incorporated as selenocysteine in an array of selenoproteins, is characterised by a wide range of actions that render this trace element indispensable for numerous biological functions and hence for health. Effect of selenium and vitamin E on risk of prostate cancer and other cancers: the selenium and vitamin E cancer prevention trial (SELECT). While low levels of selenium are a concern, high levels can result in selenium toxicity over time. Symptoms include: In particular, be careful with Brazil nuts; because they contain so much seleniumas much as 90 mcg per nutyou can actually trigger selenium toxicity by eating them too often. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-014-0477-6. J Endocrinol. 2012;95(1):6471. Mutations in the selenocysteine- binding protein 2 (SBP2) gene interfere with the synthesis of selenoproteins thus causing a multisystem selenoprotein deficiency disorder. As a quick reminder, the thyroid gland produces primarly T4, which is a thyroglobulin molecule with 4 iodine molecules attached to it. https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2008.0397. Selenium supplementation in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis decreases thyroid peroxidase antibodies concentrations. European group on Graves Orbitopathy. Dumitrescu AM, Liao XH, Abdullah MS, et al. Three female children presented with different clinical symptoms that could be related to impaired thyroid function. While nutritional Se supply is normally sufficient for adequate expression of functional Dio enzymes with exception of long-term parenteral nutrition and certain diseases impairing gastrointestinal absorption of Se compounds, the nutritional Se supply for the protection of the thyroid gland and synthesis of some more abundant selenoproteins of the GPx and the TrxR family might be limiting their proper expression under (patho-)physiological conditions. Nutr Cancer. Effect of selenium supplementation on recurrent hyperthyroidism caused by Graves disease: a prospective pilot study. The best sources include: Brazil nuts, eggs, sunflower seeds, liver, fish, turkey, chicken breast, chia seeds and mushrooms. PubMed In the same study, researchers demonstrated that thyroid peroxidase levels decreased by nearly 40% in these patients, with 9 out of 36 patients in the group ending the study with . I will search. How long does it take for selenium to help thyroid? My hair has been falling out for several months, and is now quite thin. It is always best to treat selenium deficiency by eating food rich in selenium. 2000 Sep-Oct;381(9-10):849-64. doi: 10.1515/BC.2000.107. Accessed 29 Mar 2016. Gaitan E. Goitrogens in food and water. However, there is also evidence that excessive iodine can also damage the thyroid gland and may even increase the incidence of autoimmune thyroid disease such as Hashimoto's. Hu S, Rayman MP. Since selenium is important for the conversion of T4 to T3, having a selenium deficiency can lead to symptoms of hypothyroidism, including fatigue, brain fog . Leoni SG, Sastre-Perona A, De la Vieja A, Santisteban P. Selenium increases TSH-induced sodium/iodide symporter expression through Txn/Ape1-dependent regulation of Pax8 binding activity. 2009;94(10):40039. It also plays an important role in managing our oxidative stress within the thyroid, through a complex relationship with iodine, which I'll discuss in more detail in this article. 2005 Mar;184(3):455-65. doi: 10.1677/joe.1.05971. 2013;9(2):e1003266. In addition to these important functions, studies on selenium benefits for thyroid have also proven it to be a crucial nutrient alongside iodine to convert T4 to T3 . 2009;145(5):50813. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Therefore, even mild selenium deficiency may contribute to the . CrossRef Thomson CD, Robinson MF, Butler JA, Whanger PD. Genetic abnormalities in thyroid hormone deiodinases. 2014;28(4):495506. The Food and Nutrition Board (FNB) at the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies recommends that healthy people age 14 years and older get 55 mcg of selenium daily from all sources. Therefore, I use a supplement periodically to keep my selenium level optimized. 2016. http://www.thyroid.org/iodine-deficiency/. 2002;87(4):168791. Google Scholar. Endocr J. 2021 Jul 9;12:83. doi: 10.4103/ijpvm.IJPVM_432_20. Let me start with an obvious statement: Not all hair loss is caused by selenium deficiency (you've seen my photo and my selenium level is good!). eCollection 2014. 2014;99(4):E71923. 2015;47(10):7216. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015;22(5):392401. Randomized controlled trial of the effect of selenium supplementation on thyroid function in the elderly in the United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00423-011-0788-5. I have IBS and take a protonic. Selenium metabolism, selenoproteins and mechanisms of cancer prevention: complexities with thioredoxin reductase. Lescure A, Allmang C, Yamada K, Carbon P, Krol A. cDNA cloning, expression pattern and RNA binding analysis of human selenocysteine insertion sequence (SECIS) binding protein 2. Ann Intern Med. Generally, selenium acts as an antioxidant that works with vitamin E. Some epidemiologic studies associate low . Selenium Deficiency. One study showed that taking iodine in the presence of LOW levels of selenium may actually increase your risk for thyroid tissue damage. Annu Rev Nutr. Selenium in soil and endemic diseases in China. Epub 2005 Sep 20. 2013;28(2):12734. [Effects of the combined deficiency of selenium and iodine on thyroid function]. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. Iodine is a controversial issue in regards to thyroid health. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-011-1096-5. Nat Genet. https://doi.org/10.1097/MED.0000000000000190. You can safely take in up to 400 mcg per day between food and supplements. The Thyroid and Its Diseases pp 109126Cite as. Eur J Endocrinol. The thyroid gland has the highest selenium concentration per unit weight among all tissues. Selenium deficiency might also affect cognitive functioning, but again, more research is needed in this area. Google Scholar. CrossRef On the importance of selenium and iodine metabolism for thyroid hormone biosynthesis and human health. Like most things, you can overdo selenium supplementation as well. Kohrle J, Jakob F, Contempre B, Dumont JE. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. The trace element selenium and the thyroid gland. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. 2016;24(15):85566. Selenium (Se), an essential trace element, is inserted as selenocysteine into an array of functional proteins and forms the core of various enzymes that play a cardinal role in antioxidant defense mechanisms, in redox regulation, and in thyroid hormone metabolism. 7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beem.2009.08.002. Lancet. Antioxid Redox Signal. government site. Careers. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. The site is secure. Bednarek J, Wysocki H, Sowiski J. Oxidative stress peripheral parameters in Graves disease: the effect of methimazole treatment in patients with and without infiltrative ophthalmopathy. The thyroid is the small butterfly-shaped gland at the base of our necks, just above our breastbones. Ninety percent of patients with TAO have Grave's disease and . Selenium is crucial in aiding the body to recycle iodine. Food Standards Agency. Bogatov NV. Selenium: Fact Sheet for Professionals. Optimizing the selenium level allows the thyroid to tolerate a wide range of iodine levels. An enlarged thyroid is commonly known as a goiter. If you have chronic digestive issues, there is a good chance that you have inadequate selenium levels. Here are the most common dietary causes of an imbalanced thyroid, which can contribute to a deficiency in the thyroid supportive nutrients, iodine, L-tyrosine and selenium. Selenium in human health and disease. Selenium Deficiency and Thyroid Disease. Shen F, Cai WS, Li JL, et al. Google Scholar. Increased thyroid volume and frequency of thyroid disorders signs in schoolchildren from nitrate polluted area. Even for people who don't have a selenium deficiency, taking selenium supplements has been shown to have a considerable impact on the immune system, increasing the production of activated T-cells and natural killer cell activity, both of which assist in the immune response to disease, tumors, and infection. Thyroid. Food-chain selenium and human health: emphasis on intake. 2009. http://tna.europarchive.org/20140306205048/http://www.food.gov.uk/science/research/surveillance/fsisbranch2009/survey0109#.Vw0TvHNwbcs. 2012;2012:6. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/736161. For those with thyroid disease and low selenium levels, supplementation can be beneficial, but for those whose selenium levels are normal to high, supplementation could potentially result in toxicity. Surgery. Se deficiency has been associated with a variety of thyroid diseases, including myxoedematous cretinism, goitre, thyroid autoimmune disease and cancer. Eur Thyroid J. Duffield-Lillico AJ, Slate EH, Reid ME, Turnbull BW, Wilkins PA, Combs GF Jr, et al. Vaghari-Tabari M, Jafari-Gharabaghlou D, Sadeghsoltani F, Hassanpour P, Qujeq D, Rashtchizadeh N, Ghorbanihaghjo A. Biol Trace Elem Res. Nat Genet. Clin Nutr. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. This can cause several health problems. Gatseva PD, Argirova MD. Usually taking it for a few months is sufficient unless you have a chronic GI problem. 2009;19(3):27781. Kato MA, Finley DJ, Lubitz CC, et al. Am J Clin Nutr. Selenium Deficiency. Effects of selenium deficiency on thyroid necrosis, fibrosis and proliferation: a possible role in myxoedematous cretinism. Thyroid volume decreased significantly in the group after iodine repletion. Se deficiency has been associated with a variety of thyroid diseases, including myxoedematous cretinism, goitre, thyroid autoimmune disease and cancer. When iodine deficiency goes hand-in-hand with selenium deficiency, it's essential to treat both nutrient deficits to restore the thyroid to . the body's heart function. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Source: Ann Ist Super Sanita. Eur Thyroid J. Cotton PA, Subar AF, Friday JE, Cook A. Dietary sources of nutrients among US adults, 1994 to 1996. Selenium supplementation in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis decreases thyroid peroxidase antibodies concentrations. Schmutzler C, Mentrup B, Schomburg L, Hoang-Vu C, Herzog V, Kohrle J. Selenoproteins of the thyroid gland: expression, localization and possible function of glutathione peroxidase 3. Horm Metab Res. 2015;15(4):28892. How much selenium should I take for hyperthyroidism? https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72102-6_9, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72102-6_9. Before Sometimes this can be felt as a lump in the throat or a cough. Rayman MP. PubMed Central Approach to the patient with postpartum thyroiditis. 2002;284(13):22735. 2009;94(5):16239. The role of iodine and selenium in autoimmune thyroiditis. https://doi.org/10.1093/mutage/ges064. Porcu E, Medici M, Pistis G, Volpato CB, Wilson SG, Cappola AR, et al. doi:10.1089/thy.2016.0635. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2009-0686. Selenium supplementation and secondary prevention of nonmelanoma skin cancer in a randomized trial. PubMed For more information, please read our Privacy Policy. Santos LR, Neves C, Melo M, Soares P. Selenium and selenoproteins in immune mediated thyroid disorders. 2009;23(6):175865. Thanks for posting this information Dr. Whelchel. If you have chronic digestive issues, there is a good chance that you have inadequate selenium levels. Toulis KA, Anastasilakis AD, Tzellos TG, et al. 2011;164(6):94350. This site is your resource for information and help on hormone issues. CAS Endocr Rev. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Stagnaro-Green A. Long-term supplementation with selenate and selenomethionine: selenium and glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9) in blood components of New Zealand women. Kohrle J. Selenium and the thyroid. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0110886. High-nitrate levels in drinking water may be a risk factor for thyroid dysfunction in children and pregnant women living in rural Bulgarian areas. I have been losing my hair, brittle nails. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. In this article, I will discuss selenium deficiency and the thyroid, how to know if you are selenium deficient, give you some great food sources of selenium, and discuss how and when you should consider using a supplement. 2002;291(12):27985. Selenium is a mineral that's naturally found in some of the foods we eat. Ganther HE. 2011;25(11):192435. 2011;35(7):15405. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies The evolving role of selenium in the treatment of Graves disease and ophthalmopathy. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Selenium is an important mineral. Selenium deficiency occurs in patients receiving parenteral nutrition, in areas where soil selenium content is poor, in cirrhosis patients with ineffective metabolism of selenomethionine, and in low-birth-weight infants. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.111.023812. FASEB J. Ventura M, Melo M, Carrilho F. Selenium and thyroid disease: From pathophysiology to treatment. These proteins perform many important functions in the body including: Let's discuss some of these functions in a little more detail: Selenium is required for the optimal conversion of T4 into T3 in the peripheral tissues. MeSH Clin Chem Lab Med. Mol Endocrinol. A meta-analysis of thyroid-related traits reveals novel loci and gender-specific differences in the regulation of thyroid function. Selenium, the thyroid, and the endocrine system. So if you have B12 deficiency or any type of chronic gut inflammation, there is a strong chance that you are deficient in selenium. Endocr Rev. https://doi.org/10.1159/000442440. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. The possible thyroid disruptive effect of di-(2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate and the potential protective role of selenium and curcumin nanoparticles: a toxicological and histological study. Erythrocyte selenium concentration as a marker of selenium status. I had surgery for Herd in the early 90s, but sty needed pepcid. PubMed Teng X, Shan Z, Chen Y, Lai Y, Yu J, Shan L, et al. How to Naturally Lower Cholesterol Levels, selenium in the presence of low iodine levels, okay to take iodine if you have Hashimoto's, possible increased risk of prostate cancer. Annu Rev Nutr. By Mary Shomon Mutations in the selenocysteine- binding protein 2 (SBP2) gene interfere with the synthesis of selenoproteins thus causing a multisystem selenoprotein deficiency disorder. Zinc and Selenium in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Trace Elements with Key Roles? Iodine as a potential endocrine disruptor-a role of oxidative stress. 8600 Rockville Pike Lippman SM, Klein EA, Goodman PJ, Lucia MS, Thompson IM, Ford LG, et al. PubMed The .gov means its official. Research shows that a common symptom of selenium deficiency is impaired thyroid function (hypothyroidism), and this often manifests as a form of chronic fatigue. 2008;413(1):15161. Summarizing the different observational studies at hand, it becomes apparent that Se deficiency is a risk factor for increased thyroid gland volume, hypothyroidism, HT, thyroid nodules and associated health problems, and a population-wide approach as taken in Finland would likely reduce AID incidence and disease load in many areas of the world. Has it helped? Mutation in human selenocysteine transfer RNA selectively disrupts selenoprotein synthesis. 2014;3(1):2531. It appears instead that being deficient in selenium just makes us more susceptible to illnesses due to its role in normal immune function. Knudsen N, Brix TH. PLoS One. Individuals who are taking high doses of thyroid medication (Levothyroxine, Synthroid) and continue to have uncontrolled hypothyroidism may benefit from IV selenium therapy. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. Tan L, Sun W, Sang ZN, et al. van Zuuren EJ, Albusta AY, Fedorowicz Z, et al. Take a look and see: Fatigue Low immunity Poor concentration (brain fog) Hair loss and fingernail discoloration Fertility/reproductive issues CAS Darras VM, Van Herck SL. They underwent an accurate pediatric-endocrinologic diagnosis. The cells in hair follicles react to this drop in thyroid hormone, and one's hair may fall out abnormally. Selenium deficiency doesn't necessarily cause any obvious symptoms, but there are some signs to look for that can indicate that you may be low. [149] Selenium is a vital micronutrient for normal thyroid function, immune system function, energy production, and metabolism. Kucharzewski M, Braziewicz J, Majewska U, Gozdz S. Copper, zinc, and selenium in whole blood and thyroid tissue of people with various thyroid diseases. Laurberg P, Jorgensen T, Perrild H, Ovesen L, Knudsen N, Pedersen IB, et al. Replacing low selenium levels has been shown to improve hair growth and nail growth. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.08-119370. Br J Nutr. Nutritional prevention of Cancer Study Group. Selenium is critical for the endocrine system, especially the thyroid gland, which affects metabolism, as well as heart, brain, and muscle function. Leo M, Bartalena L, Rotondo Dottore G, et al. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Dr. Whelchel is a family physician who specializes in functional medicine, especially hormone optimization. Most Americans eat so poorly that simply improving their diet can do wonders for helping them to regain their health. 2008;52(11):123546. PubMed T3 is the active thyroid hormone. Isolated selenium deficiency is now being investigated for its role in induction autoimmune reactions in thyroid gland in Hashimoto's disease . government site. 2003;95(19):147781. J Biol Chem. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72102-6_9, Shipping restrictions may apply, check to see if you are impacted, http://www.thyroid.org/iodine-deficiency/, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ando.2011.03.011, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beem.2014.02.005, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-011-1096-5, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-008-8296-3, https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-1153, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00423-011-0788-5, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beem.2009.08.002, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ando.2011.03.019, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-010-8245-8, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-014-0477-6, https://doi.org/10.1097/MED.0000000000000190, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-015-0304-9, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0110886, https://doi.org/10.1080/01635580903191569, http://tna.europarchive.org/20140306205048/http://www.food.gov.uk/science/research/surveillance/fsisbranch2009/survey0109#.Vw0TvHNwbcs, Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout. 1995;133(1):99109. PMC Selenium supplementation for Hashimotos thyroiditis: summary of a cochrane systematic review. 2011;41(2):1907. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 2009;23(6):81527. Antioxid Redox Signal. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2009-2611. This is one of the more serious forms of thyroid imbalance. doi:10.1089/thy.2016.0256, Office of Dietary Supplements. An official website of the United States government. Studies show that selenium protects against goiter and iodine is proving to protect against a heavy thyroid. A daily intake of fewer than 55 micrograms of selenium over a long period of time can hamper thyroid functioning, as well as lead to a decline in mental capabilities and immunity. Am J Obstet Gynecol. In order for the body to be able to use the thyroid hormone, an iodine molecule must be cleaved off of the T4 by the deiodinase enzyme, which converts it into T3. Effect of iodine and selenium upon thyroid function. 2020 Jun 12;12(6):1769. doi: 10.3390/nu12061769. - 210.65.88.143. Selenium is especially important if you have an autoimmune thyroid disease such as Hashimoto's or Grave's Disease. A key role for macrophages and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta). 2013;79(4):58490. Biochem J. Selenium (Se) is a part of the enzyme glutathione peroxidase, which metabolizes hydroperoxides formed from polyunsaturated fatty acids. Thyroid. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2004;104(6):92130. Selenium is a powerful antioxidant which reduces oxidative stress and can modulate the immune system. Taylor PN, Peeters R, Dayan CM. 2016. 2015;48(3):75665. Selenium has been shown in studies that it reduces autoimmune inflammation in patients with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis. Biol Trace Elem Res. What have you used to treat it. This. She is the founder of the Center for Hormonal Health and Well-Being in San Diego, California. Deficiency: Since selenium is necessary for carrying out many vital bodily functions, a deficiency in the mineral results in many complications. There is an inverse relationship between selenium status and thyroid volume, risk of goiter and risk of thyroid tissue damage in people with mild iodine deficiency. Laboratory tests revealed no pathological findings, except latent hypothyroidism and selenium deficiency. Laboratory tests revealed no pathological findings, except latent hypothyroidism and selenium deficiency. 1 Most Americans easily get the required amount of selenium they need on a daily basis. As I've explained before, T3 is the active form of thyroid hormone, and low T3 can cause hypothyroid symptoms. They can then offer guidance on whether you might benefit from increasing your dietary selenium or adding supplements. 2010;46(4):389-399. 2011;14(7):133783. Tajtakova M, Semanova Z, Tomkova Z, Szokeova E, Majoros J, Radikova Z, et al. Verywell Health's content is for informational and educational purposes only. He is married and has 3 awesome children. J Clin Invest. We go to great lengths to help users better understand their health; however, the content on this blog is not a substitute for medical guidance. Biofactors. eCollection 2021. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. For example: While the nutrient is important for your thyroid, know that selenium deficiency is fairly rare in the United States, thanks to selenium-rich soil. Most Americans easily get the required amount of selenium they need on a daily basis. 2009;129(13):707. confirming the absence of iodine deficiency Biological Trace Element Research Vol. Adequate selenium in the horse's body helps in maintaining a healthy muscular, thyroid, and immune system. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. 2007;388(10):10539. Bera S, De Rosa V, Rachidi W, Diamond AM. Verywell Health articles are reviewed by board-certified physicians and healthcare professionals. The recommendation goes up to 60 mcg per day if you're pregnant and 70 mcg per day if you're breastfeeding. Mutagenesis. Google Scholar. Cutting edge: the etiology of autoimmune thyroid diseases. Schomburg L, Kohrle J. Eur J Endocrinol. Brauer VF, Schweizer U, Khrle J, Paschke R. Selenium and goiter prevalence in borderline iodine sufficiency. Miniero R, D'Archivio M, Olivieri A, De Angelis S, Sorcini M. Cent Eur J Public Health. 2017 May;27(5):597610. Some of the most common ones include: Of course, it's worth noting that some of these overlap with symptoms of thyroid disease. Wichman J, Winther KH, Bonnema SJ, Hegeds L. Selenium supplementation significantly reduces thyroid autoantibody levels in patients with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PubMedGoogle Scholar. https://doi.org/10.1530/EJE-11-0575. 2006;155(6):80712. Selenium is vital to our body's ability to convert T4 to T3, and has a balancing effect on our thyroid and immune health. Selenium and the course of mild Graves orbitopathy. 1993;69(2):57788. Duntas LH. Margaret P. Rayman . 2008;42(9):6403. Environmental factors and thyroid autoimmunity. The association between selenium and other micronutrients and thyroid cancer incidence in the NIH-AARP diet and health study. 1990;10:2139. Perchlorate in water supplies: sources, exposures, and health effects. In fact, if you have undiagnosed selenium deficiency, it could be making your thyroid function worse. Duntas LH. Thank you, {{form.email}}, for signing up. Selenium deficiency is one of the most common nutrient deficiencies that I see in people with Hashimoto's. Scientists have connected populations with lower selenium levels to higher prevalence of thyroid diseases including hypothyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism, autoimmune thyroiditis and an enlarged thyroid. Careful screening for autoimmune thyroid disease is essential. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies JAMA. 2015;22(5):4026. Because the thyroid traps and stores iodine, a short-term deficiency usually causes no problems. 2013;2013:651517. Thyroid hormone is responsible for the regulation of carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism. Sherif NAE, El-Banna A, Abdel-Moneim RA, Sobh ZK, Balah MIF. J Thyroid Res. Dumitrescu AM, Refetoff S. Inherited defects of thyroid hormone metabolism. PMC Selenium is important for the proper functioning of your thyroid gland. Endocrine. I typically recommend supplementing for only a few months (3-6) which should restore the levels in the body to the optimal range. Since the production of iodized salt, the incidence of thyroid problems due to iodine deficiency in the United States is rare; however, 30 percent of the world's . Once you have repleted the tissues and changed your diet, continued supplementation should be unnecessary. 2005;64(4):52742. The two main autoimmune thyroid diseases are Graves' disease which is the most common cause of thyrotoxicosis, and Hashimoto's thyroiditis which is the most common cause of hypothyroidism. The site is secure. 2005;184(3):45565. 2005;43(4):3838. 2010;95(8):406671. International Journal of Endocrinology. The term goiter is used to describe any enlargement of the thyroid gland, which can be caused by iodine deficiency or a thyroid disorder. Mechanism and regulation of selenoprotein synthesis. https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2009.0351. Azevedo MF, Barra GB, Naves LA, et al. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. 2008;121(1):2330. 2009;301(1):3951. A randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health. Selenium in biology: facts and medical perspectives. There are high concentrations of selenium in the thyroid gland, where there are several selenium-containing enzymes regulating thyroid function. At a minimum, you should look at these micronutrients as possible culprits: iron, zinc, selenium, and biotin. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-008-8296-3. Wang L, Wang B, Chen SR, et al. CrossRef Karbownik-Lewiska M, Stpniak J, Iwan P, Lewiski A. Endocrine. Selenium is low in newly diagnosed Graves disease: a population-based study. A review found selenium supplements in daily dosages of 100-300 mcg led to improved thyroid function at 6 months in people with Graves' disease, . 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