if electric field is zero what is potential

This result is true for a solid or hollow sphere. We assume that the length of each side of the cube is b. Why can't electrostatic field be rotational? Medium. Basically, total electric flux over the Gaussian surface is given by the algebraic sum of the charges enclosed by that surface. Practically, electric potential is a continuous value which is a function of space. Electric field lines start from positive charges and terminate at negative charges. rev2022.12.11.43106. The cube is also a square parallelepiped, an equilateral cuboid and a right rhombohedron. This is essentially finding the average point, which is the center of the cube. Since E=0, therefore the potential V inside the surface is constant. The electric potential is inversely proportional to the strength of the electric field. Proof that electrostatic self-force is zero. The electric force between q1 and q2 is directly proportional to the product of the magnitude of charge q1 and q2 and is inversely proportional to the square of the distances between their centres. q = ne, where n is an integer. In SI units it is equal to 8.9875517923(14)109 kgm3s2C2. what do you mean by potential difference? WebThe electric field is zero inside a conductor. So we can say: The electric field is zero inside a conducting sphere. The Coulomb constant, the electric force constant, or the electrostatic constant (denoted ke, k or K) is a proportionality constant in electrostatics equations. Not sure if it was just me or something she sent to the whole team. If the cube is not aligned, you sum the 8 vectors (x,y,z) that have the coordinates of a vertex and then divide by 8. Physics - E&M: Ch 36.1 The Electric Field Understood (14 of 17) Find Where Electric Field=0 Michel van Biezen 13K views 4 years ago Electric potential energy of charges | Physics | But potential is always measured relative to a baseline, so it can therefore be considered as zero. This made sense to me This is why there is no electric field inside a charged spherical conductor. WebThe force acting on a unit positive charge at A is equal to E. Now, the work done in moving a unit positive charge from A to B against the electric field is dW=Edx. What recruiting class is lebron james jr? Why do meteorologists track cyclones and anticyclones. The electric potential at a point is zero, and the change in electric potential occurs rapidly as you move closer to a charge. Another way to measure electrical potential is to measure how much work a charge can do against an electric force. 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If the electric field is zero, then the potential has no so it's possible to nullify $\phi $ and still get any electromagnetic field you want. Our experts have done a research to get accurate and detailed answers for you. The force acting between the charges q1 and q2 are attractive and repulsive forces. The electric potential is zero at an infinite distance from the point charge. : the potential is equal across space. Charge less than the charge on an electron (i.e. The equipotential surface is always perpendicular to the electric field. Use MathJax to format equations. W = qVAB. This means that every point within a conductor (including points on the surface of an empty cavity) is at the same potential. What is the electric potential at a point of the line joining them where the electric field is zero? For treatment of the more general case, please see Sebastian's and Alexander's fine answers. When an electric dipole is held at an angle in uniform electric field the net force and torque? The electric potential is simply the electric potential energy per charge. The fact that the potential is changing at point $P$ indicates that the gradient at this point is non zero. WebWhen a dipole is immersed in a uniform electric field, as illustrated in Figure 16.4. This is a question our experts keep getting from time to time. For an electric dipole (at large distances), The electric potential varies inversely with the square of the distance. (a) No, just because the electric field is zero at a certain point does not necessarily mean that the electric potential is zero at that point. It doesn't have direction, but it does have sign. what do you mean by saying "keeping the potential of source constant "? The electric field at O due to charge at all the corners of the cube is zero, since the electric field due to charges at opposite 8 corners are equal and opposite. What happened to mike off of designated survivor? The electric potential at the reference point is considered as zero. The electric field is constant in an infinite line if potential is zero. So, feel free to use this information and benefit from expert answers to the questions you are interested in! Also, the electric field inside a conductor is zero. If the charge arrangement cancels out the potential at a point then the potential at that point is said to be zero potential. Would like to stay longer than 90 days. II. The flux of a vector field through a closed surface is always zero if there is no source of the vector field in the volume enclosed by the surface. If the electric field lines form a closed loop, these lines must originate and terminate on the same charge which is not possible because electric field lines always move from positive to negative. Now, since U = 0 can be there without , similarly U can be zero without electric field E being zero. Even if you consider the case of two point charges q1 and q2 separated by a distance If the electric field is zero at a point, the electric potential must also be zero at that point. Is this statement true? the above is due to symmetry of the charges of dipole and their opposite character. It is a regular square prism in three orientations, and a trigonal trapezohedron in four orientations. WebEquipotential surface is a surface which has equal potential at every Point on it. About. The electric field strength due to a dipole, far away, is always proportional to the dipole moment and inversely proportional to the cube of the distance. WebIf V = 0, we can not say E must be zero, we say only E may be zero. WebExpert Answer. How to schedule covid vaccine sutter health? If electric field in a region is zero, then electric potential in the region A Must be zero B Must not be zero C May be zero D None of these Medium Solution Verified by Toppr Correct option Why are Electric Fields an exact differential? Equatorial line is the perpendicular line to the line passing through the positive and negative charges and the point lies on that line is known as the equatorial point. If the electrostatic potential is zero, why doesn't the electric field have to be zero? e = 1.6 * 10-19 C) is not possible. I thought the relation between the electrostatic field $\vec E$ and the electrostatic potential $V$ is as follows: Thus, when $V$ is zero, $\vec E$ is also zero. All you need is, for each coordinate, to find the middle point of it. The electric field strength is equal to the gradient of the electric potential, so if the electric field is zero between two points then the electric potential between these two points is zero, no field measns no potential differnce During the carboniferous period virginia was equatorial? What happened to ezekiel elliot in las vegas? What is the potential difference moving 0.9 meters along a Expert Answer Transcribed image text: What is the electric potential at the point on the x -axis where the electric field is zero? When we get the distance of the centre from each vertex of the triangle then we can find the electric potential due to each charge placed at the vertices of the triangle. The dipole is in constant equilibrium if = 00. This is your one-stop encyclopedia that has numerous frequently asked questions answered. The full formula for the case of time dependent fields is: Zero. Electric Potential Can Exist Even When Electric Fields Are Zero At points, the potential electric field may be zero, but at points, it may exist. In a static situation, there can be no field inside a conductor. Any disadvantages of saddle valve for appliance water line? To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. Should I exit and re-enter EU with my EU passport or is it ok? $$ \vec{B}=\nabla \times \vec{A} $$. Any excess charge resides entirely on the surface or surfaces of a conductor. 3. Physics Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for active researchers, academics and students of physics. For example, at the point $P$ midway between two point charges, one with charge $+q$ and the other with charge $-q$ the potential is zero, assuming infinity as the reference point. Where v=Ed where E is the Electric field between the plates ,and d is the distance or separation between the two plates. How do you find the electric field at the center of a square? The correct answer for this question is option (4) Perpendicular to the equilateral line and parallel to P. Explanation : In an electric dipole at an equilateral position , the electric field component is perpendicular to the dipole moment . For two opposite charges of equal magnitude, the electric potential is zero in the middle since the For all conducting closed surfaces electric field at any point inside it due to some external charge is zero. Will residency interviews be virtual 2022? The total charge of electrons present in an atom is the number of electrons multiplied by the charge of an electron. In case, if the charge enclosed by the Gaussian surface is q and -q then electric flux is zero and net charge is zero. View solution > View more. Now, if $V(\textbf{r})=0$ for all $\textbf{r}$ then certainly the gradient is also zero everywhere, and thus, the electric field is zero everywhere. To account for electric potential energy, an electric potential is defined. This in tern means there can be no field inside the cavity. What is the potential difference moving 0.9 meters along a 35.6 V/m uniform electric field? The blowup shows that, just outside the conductor, the electric field lines are perpendicular to its surface. What is the electric potential at the centre of the cube? If the electric field is zero, then the potential has no gradient i.e. Electric potential is defined as the amount of work needed to move a unit charge from a reference point to a specific point against the electric field. the magnitude of the electric field (E) produced by a point charge with a charge of magnitude Q, at a point a distance r away from the point charge, is given by the equation E = kQ/r2, where k is a constant with a value of 8.99 x 109 N m2/C2. Site design / logo 2022 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. Why was USB 1.0 incredibly slow even for its time? The potential at a point P due to a given point charge. The symmetry operation we will look at is inverting the four charges and reflecting them over the horizontal line. The equivalent electric potential at the centre will be the sum of electric potential due to each charge placed at vertices of the triangle. When is the electric field zero? The relationship between potential and field (E) is a differential: electric field is the gradient of potential (V) in the x direction. The magnitude of the electric field due to a charged spherical shell is zero inside it, maximum on its surface and then keeps decreasing as 1/r2. $$. Electric Can electric potential at a point be zero while electric intensity at that point is not zero? These pattern of lines, sometimes referred to as electric field lines, point in the direction that a positive test charge would accelerate if placed upon the line. This means the two given charges on the system in totality will account to zero. Thus, as WebThe electric potential is zero at an infinite distance from the point charge. So to find the electrical potential energy between two charges, we take K, the electric constant, multiplied by one of the charges, and then multiplied by the other charge, and then we divide by the distance between those two charges. Every electric field line generated by the inner sphere terminates in the inner surface of the outer sphere. Could the electric field in a conductor ever be non-zero? Is it correct to say "The glue on the back of the sticker is dying down so I can not stick the sticker to the wall"? Any excess charge placed on a conductor resides entirely on the surface of the conductor. WebIf the electric field is zero, then the potential has no gradient i.e. Therefore, the angle between dipole moment and electric field is 180. Why do some airports shuffle connecting passengers through security again. Thus, the electric field at $P$ is non zero, even though the potential itself is zero at $P$. in the static case (or after an gauge transformation). Each charge element can be regarded as point charge. View Now, all diagonally opposite charge elements cancel the electric fields of each other and hence at the center of the loop is zero. So the value of electric field does not vary smoothly from r = 0 to r = ? The relationship between potential and field (E) is a differential: electric field is the gradient of potential (V) in the x direction. So, feel free to use this information and benefit from expert answers to the questions you are interested in! Is the electric field necessarily zero at a point where the potential is zero explain why or why not? The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. The electric field lines do not penetrate the conductor. Although it is more didactic an clear about one point. 1. 1. Actually the potential due to one charge of the dipole is just equal and opposite to that of due to other charge on any point on the equatorial line,therefore the potential of a dipole vanishes on any point on the equatorial line. The electric potential is zero at an infinite distance from the point charge. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Two equal and opposite charges separated by some distance constitute a dipole. : the potential is equal across space. A hollow sphere of charge does not produce an electric field at any: interior point. For electrical circuits earth is taken at zero potential. 1. Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site, Learn more about Stack Overflow the company. This is because the charges are distributed symmetrically with respect to the centre of the cube. Electric field is the surrounding of an electric charge unit which can exert a force on other charged particles in the field. WebThe electric field is zero everywhere inside the conductor. Add them up and watch them cancel. For two opposite charges of equal magnitude, the electric potential is zero in the middle since the electric field between both the charges will be equal and opposite. Can the electric potential be zero where the electric field is nonzero explain your answer? If there were, charges would move until there was no field. For example exactly half way (or otherwise equidistant from them) between two equal and oppositely charged point charges, potential is zero. Why is Singapore currently considered to be a dictatorial regime and a multi-party democracy by different publications? Our team has collected thousands of questions that people keep asking in forums, blogs and in Google questions. It can be understood with the Case of Electric Dipole. For purposes of diversity-of-citizenship where does a corporation reside? The center of mass can be calculated by taking the masses you are trying to find the center of mass between and multiplying them by their positions. Gauss law tells us that the electric field inside the sphere is zero, and the electric field outside the sphere is the same as the field from a point charge with a net charge of Q. As, angle between the dipole moment and electric field at any point on the equatorial plane is 180. WebAn electric charge is said to be zero potential when it is infinitely far away from other charges. Is the electric field necessarily zero at a point where the potential is zero explain why or why not? To see 'How does the ball roll? (a) No, just because the electric field is zero at a particular point, it does not necessarily mean that the electric potential is zero at that point. The angle between the electric field and the equipotential surface is always 900. At the midpoint of the charges of the electric dipole, the electric field due to the charges is non zero, but the electric potential is zero. The magnetic field then is given by: When the angle between the dipole moment and electric field is 180 then the potential energy of electric dipole is maximum. Received a 'behavior reminder' from manager. If V = 0, E must be zero when V is max i.e, d x d V = 0 For example, inside the conductor E = 0, but V = 0 If E = 0, V may be zero when two equal and opposite charges separated by a distance and at the midpoint in between the charges field is non-zero but potential is zero. 1. Do rainforests grow in equatorial regions? It doesn't means that the charge inside it zero. @Sebastian Riese You are right, I should have been more clear to this end. Our experts have done a research to get accurate and detailed answers for you. For two opposite charges of equal magnitude, the electric potential is zero in the middle since the ', you don't need to know the absolute height, only wether there is a slope (a difference in height): an equal slope has the same effect on the ball in the Netherlands as in Nepal. Hence, the electric field is zero at the centre. The relationship between V and E for parallel conducting plates is E=Vd E = V d . Answer: THE DIRECTION OF ELECTRIC FIELD IS IN THE SAME DIRECTION AS DIPOLE DIRECTION (FROM NEGATIVE CHARGE TO POSITIVE CHARGE) IN AXIAL POINT BUT IN EQUATORIAL THERE IS A ANGLE DIFFERENCE OF 180 BETWEEN DIPOLE DIRECTION AND EQUATORIAL POINT DIRECTION (FROM POSITIVE CHARGE TO NEGATIVE CHARGE). If the electric field at a certain point is zero, then the electric potential at the same point is also zero. What zero potential means, roughly, is that the charges in your system have cancelled out. Why is the divergence of electric field equal to $\rho \over \epsilon_0$ in electrodynamics? $\vec{E}$ is a vector field, which assigns a vector to every point in space. Note that this is true for electrostatics, but, as Sebastian mentions in a comment below, it is incomplete in the context of electrodynamics. It only takes a minute to sign up. 1) the forces experienced by the 2 charges constituting the electric dipole when placed in an uniform external electric field are equal and opposite in nature, the net force on the dipole is zero. The negative sign shows that the work is done against the direction of the field. (please provide your answer to 1 decimal place) The electric field is zero inside a conductor. In other words, if the electric potential were zero at a point, the electric field would also be zero at that point. Thus, as the test charge is moved in the x direction, the rate of the its change in potential is the value of the electric field. $$ \vec B = \nabla \times \vec A. An electric field can be zero when there is no net charge within the fields boundaries. For a point charge, The electric potential varies inversely with the distance. It's wether V changes or not, that defines the electric field. r Distance between A and the point charge, and. Help us identify new roles for community members. However, the electric potential will not be zero unless the field is also infinitely large. When the potential of the electric field is zero, the potential of the electric field is also zero. Now potential energy would be equal to, u=k(q)(+q)l ,here q and +q are two charges involved in the system, k is a constant, l is the point between the two diagonal. (ii) In constant electric field along z-direction, the perpendicular distance between equipotential surfaces remains same. If q1q2<0, then either of q1 or q2 is positively charged and the other is negatively charged and there is the force of attraction between them. This is because the electric field is defined as the (negative) gradient of the electrostatic potential, which means that the only electric field is allowed at a point on an equipotential must be perpendicular to the equipotential surface, otherwise it would have a non-zero component along the surface. Therefore, we can say that at any point within the sphere (defined by r and two angular coordinates) that Er=E=E=0 and so the total electric field at any point (inside the sphere) is zero, not just the centre. A good example is the case of two identical charges separated by some distance. The electric potential is zero at an infinite distance from the point charge. Yes, Electric Potential is zero at a particular point, it does not necessarily mean that the electric Field is also zero at that point. What zero potential means, roughly, is that the charges in your system have cancelled out. Electric field beneath the surface of the charges conductor remains zero when it reaches electrostatic equilibrium . For example exactly half way (or otherwise equidistant from them) between two equal and This is why we can assume that there are no charges inside a conducting sphere. Then, you add these together and divide that by the sum of all the individual masses. If an isolated conductor without cavities is charged, its excess charge will distribute itself on its surface in order to guarantee that the electric field is zero on its interior. Electric field is vector so there is a possibility for the electric field to be zero at a point but it isn't the same with the electric potential it is a scalar ie the net potential is the algebraic sum of individual potentials so it is not necessary for potential to be zero if field is zero and vice versa hope u understood. As such, the lines are directed away from positively charged source charges and toward negatively charged source charges. $$ \vec{E}=-\nabla\phi-\frac{\partial\vec{A}}{\partial t} $$ The electric field at the centre of the cube, due to the eight charges, gets cancelled. An electron cannot be balanced against a proton by the force of What is the highest level 1 persuasion bonus you can have? where $\textbf{r}$ is a position vector. Electric field is zero but potential is not zero. In other words, the electric potential of a point X is equal to its Answer: the forces experienced by the 2 charges constituting the electric dipole when placed in an uniform external electric field are equal and opposite in nature, the net force on the dipole is zero.No torque act on the dipole when the moment of electric dipole is parallel WebThis problem has been solved! At the midpoint between the charges, the electric field due to the charges is zero, but the V = electric potential energy. Therefore, we say electrostatic field lines never form closed loops. Yes, Electric Potential is zero at a particular point, it does not necessarily mean that the electric Field is also zero at that point. Yes, electrostatic potential can be zero at a point where electric field is not zero. Are erosion and weathering the same thing? No torque act on the dipole when the moment of electric dipole is parallel to the electric field. Our team has collected thousands of questions that people keep asking in forums, blogs and in Google questions. An electric charge is said to be You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. Electric potential energy, is a potential energy (measured in joules) that results from conservative Coulomb forces and is associated with the configuration of a particular set of point charges within a defined system. (a) No, just because the electric field is zero at a certain point does not necessarily mean that the electric potential is zero at that point. Potential at point P is the sum of potentials caused by charges q1 and q2 respectively. The most general expression is - This can be represented as: Ex=dVdx E x = dV dx . Dual EU/US Citizen entered EU on US Passport. Just outside a conductor, the electric field lines are perpendicular to its surface, ending or beginning on charges on the surface. You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. The lowest potential energy for a charge configuration inside a conductor is always the one where the charge is uniformly distributed over its surface. WebThe easiest way to see that the potential is zero everywhere on the line is by looking at a transformation that is a symmetry of the problem. Answer: The electric potential in equatorial position of an electric dipole is zero. A 8.00nC point charge and a+16.0nC point charge Express Potential Energy of the System of Three Point Charges YouTube, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=juQkw6fc4EM. WebThe work done by the electric field in Figure to move a positive charge q from A, the positive plate, higher potential, to B, the negative plate, lower potential, is. Since the electric field lines point radially away from the charge, they are perpendicular to the equipotential lines. A power is the difference between two points in electric potential energy. Once the electric field or local potential is added, the quantized conductance around zero energy is G = 2(n + 1)e 2 /h with n = 1, 2, 3, . $$ \vec E = - \nabla V - \partial_t \vec A $$ Millikan's Oil Drop Experiment Standard XII Chemistry Welcome to FAQ Blog! However, if you move even slightly away from this point, the potential is non zero. The positive charge contributes a positive potential and the negative charge contributes a negative potential. Originally Answered: What is the electric field at the centre of this sphere at O ? Now, we have got a complete detailed explanation and answer for everyone, who is interested! Where as v=W/q where w is the work done to move particle from one point to another point and v is the potential difference between the plates and a is the q is the charge of the particle. Any net charge on the conductor resides entirely inside the conductor. Yes, the electric field inside the cavity is zero even when the shape is irregular and not the sphere. The total potential due to 8 charges at the corner will give potential at the centre. Thank you for pointing that out. As well as we very well know that E=dV/dR where R is the distance of separation. Thus if E=0 then V is a constant but not necessarily zero. No! Electric field is zero inside a conductor of any shape and possessing any amount of charge, but the potential in its bulk is equal to the potential at its surface. How do you find the electric potential at the center of a rectangle? 3, the net force on the dipole is zero because the force on the positive charge will always be equal and in the opposite direction from the force on the negative charge. As per quantization of charge: Electric charge can exist only as an integral multiple of charge on an electron (-e) i.e. V = (VB VA) = VA VB = VAB. and thus it is discontinuous. A dipole in stable equilibrium, when Electric filed and dipole moment are perpendicular to each other i.e. If the electric potential at a certain point is zero, then the electric field at the same point is also zero. There are already two fine answers addressing this point ;), I assume the question is about $\forall_x V(x) = 0$, not about $V(x_0) = 0$. (a) No, just because the electric field is zero at a particular point, it does not necessarily mean that the electric potential is zero at that point. This is up to a gauge you're using. WebThe relationship between potential and field (E) is a differential: electric field is the gradient of potential (V) in the x direction. Relation between Electrostatic Field and Electrostatic Potential at infinite. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. Axial line is the line which is passing through the positive and negative charges and the point lies on that line is called the axial point. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. The angle between the electric field and the equipotential surface is always 900. Electrostatic shielding - definition Whatever be the charge and field configuration outside, any cavity in a conductor remains shielded from outside electric influence: the field inside the cavity is always zero. Electric force between two electric charges. The definition of the electric field shows that the electric field is a vector field: the electric field at each point has a magnitude and a direction. MathJax reference. This symmetry leaves the charge distribution the same and keeps infinity at infinity. Question: The electric potential at the center of a square is -1 V when a charge -Q is placed in one of the corners. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. Thanks for contributing an answer to Physics Stack Exchange! The cube is dual to the octahedron.Orthogonal projections. For electrical circuits earth is taken at zero potential. Just outside a conductor, the electric field lines are perpendicular to its surface, ending or beginning on charges on the surface. An electric potential energy is the energy that is produced when an object is in an electric field. Therefore, the potential is zero at a distance of 10 cm from the positive charge between the charges. On equatorial line, the direction of electric field is reversed to that of angle of axial line. But potential is always measured relative to a baseline, so it can therefore be How were sailing warships maneuvered in battle -- who coordinated the actions of all the sailors? This can be represented as: Ex=dVdx E x = dV dx . Where q is the charge given to the shell and r is the radius of the shell. Now, we have got a complete detailed explanation and answer for everyone, who is interested! Since the electric field is zero inside the conductor, the mutual repulsion of like charges from Coulombs Law demands that the charges be as far apart as possible. 2. (i) Equipotential surfaces due to single point charge are concentric sphere having charge at the centre. The temperature of the wire is 35.0C. This again follows from Gauss Theorem. On the other hand $V(\textbf{r})$ may equal zero for only some $\textbf{r}$. How many transistors at minimum do you need to build a general-purpose computer? Answer: the forces experienced by the 2 charges constituting the electric dipole when placed in an uniform external electric field are equal and opposite in nature, the net force on the dipole is zero. Assume one free electron per atom. This implies that the force acting on the system will also be zero. If the electric field at a point is zero then the potential at that point will be a constant. b) What is the magnitude of the electric field at the two points on the x-axis where the electric potential is zero? Explanation: The electric potential is the ratio of work done to the charge. The angle between electric dipole moment and electric field on the equatorial line is 180 as both of them are in opposite directions. Thus, the electric field at P is non zero, even though the potential itself is That means the both the charges are like charges. The geometric center of a cube is the point of intersection of cubes diagonals. When a positive test charge q 0 is moved between points A and B in an electric field E, the change in the potential energy of the chargefield system is: More From Chapter. The symbol of charge is 'q' or 'Q'. The electric field at the location of the point charge is defined as the force F divided by the charge q: Figure 23.1. An analogy to make things clear: analogy for potential = height, analogy for electric field= 'how does the ball roll?'. Answer: At AXIAL POINT the angle between direction of electric field and dipole moment is 0. Electric So the charges q1+q2<0 the attractive force. Is it acceptable to post an exam question from memory online? Curl of Electric Field is ZERO | video in HINDI W = PE = qV. An electric charge is said to be zero potential when it is infinitely far away from other charges. I have edited my answer to be more clear, but have chosen to point to yours and Alexander's answers for the case of electrodynamics rather than include it myself, as I do assume the OP is considering electrostatics, given that the expression he/she is using is true only in this case. The equipotential surface is always perpendicular to the electric field. What is this fallacy: Perfection is impossible, therefore imperfection should be overlooked. Electric field lines does not forms closed loop as line can never start and end on the same charge. Books that explain fundamental chess concepts, Irreducible representations of a product of two groups. This is a question our experts keep getting from time to time. 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